vocab for topic 3 - psychological problems

Question 1

ICD

Answer 1

International Classification of Diseases

Question 2

Psychomotor

Answer 2

is symptoms of depression, were thoughts relate to bodily feelings e.g. shaking limbs or feeling lethargic

Question 3

Withdrawal

Answer 3

negative feelings and thoughts associated with trying to quit an addictive substance/behaviour.

Question 4

Dependence

Answer 4

needing the addictive substance/behaviour in order to function normally

Question 5

Tolerance

Answer 5

the need to increase the dosage of an addictive substance overtime, in order to get the same effect as a lower dosage before.

Question 6

Addiction

Answer 6

A mental health problem were a substance or behaviour is needed for the sufferer to go about their normal life.

Question 7

relapse

Answer 7

A failed attempt at quitting

Question 8

Dependence disorder

Answer 8

A mental health problem related to the body being dependent on a substance e.g. heroine

Question 9

Behavioural addiction

Answer 9

An addiction to an activity e.g. shopping

Question 10

Requirements diagnosis of addiction

Answer 10

At least 3 symptoms at the same time for 1 month or repeated occasions over a year

Question 11

Requirements diagnosis of depression

Answer 11

At least one symptom for most of the time for two weeks and at least one other symptom.

Question 12

Negative Triad

Answer 12

A theory that depression is caused by negative schemas about self, world and future.

Question 13

Irrational Thinking

Answer 13

This is the cause of mental disorder according to the cognitive approach.

Question 14

Cognitive Bias

Answer 14

This is an irrational way of thinking

Question 15

How do negative schemas develop?

Answer 15

by past experiences

Question 16

Magnification

Answer 16

An example of a cognitive bias, whereby the individuals exaggerates the problem

Question 17

CBT

Answer 17

A therapy which aims to change how the patient thinks in order to treat them

Question 18

REBT

Answer 18

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (based on ABC model) and involves disputing depressed peoples irrational thinking

Question 19

Neurotransmitter

Answer 19

A chemical found in the nervous system which sends messages between separate nerve cells

Question 20

Antidepressant

Answer 20

A category of drugs used to treat depression

Question 21

SSRI

Answer 21

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is a type of drug used to treat depression. It increases the availability of serotonin.

Question 22

Reuptake

Answer 22

The reabsorption of excess neurotransmitters by the neuron

Question 23

Noradrenaline

Answer 23

A neurotransmitter which in depressed people is found at a very low level (not enough).

Question 24

MAOIs

Answer 24

A drug which prevents the enzyme MAO from breaking down noradrenaline

Question 25

Placebo

Answer 25

A fake pill often used on research for the control group

Question 26

Learning Theory

Answer 26

Suggests that behaviours are through association and experiences.

Question 27

Classical conditioning

Answer 27

Behaviour is learnt through associating stimuli and response.

Question 28

Operant conditioning

Answer 28

Behaviour is learnt through consequences (reinforcement)

Question 29

Social Learning Theory

Answer 29

Behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation of role models.

Question 30

Reinforcement

Answer 30

A consequence of an action which increases the likelihood of the behaviour occurring again.

Question 31

Functional Analysis

Answer 31

1st stage of CBT for addiction which identifies triggers

Question 32

Skills Training

Answer 32

2nd stage of CBT for addiction which involves learning to control behaviour e.g. being assertive if experiencing peer pressure

Question 33

Polymorphisms

Answer 33

A variant of a gene

Question 34

5-HHT

Answer 34

A gene associated with the serotonin levels

Question 35

Caspi et al.

Answer 35

Researched the influence of genes and life stress on depression

Question 36

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 36

claim that people have a genetic predisposition for a disorder but it is only triggered when in stressful situations.

Question 37

Predisposition

Answer 37

A tendency to develop a behaviour e.g. he had a genetic predisposition to become an addict

Question 38

Young

Answer 38

Studies the effectiveness if CBT with people addicted to the internet.

Question 39

positive reinforcement

Answer 39

adding something good (reward)

Question 40

negative reinforcement

Answer 40

taking away something bad