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AP Environmental Science 1/2 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

fossil fuel

A

a fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago

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2
Q

fracking

A

hydraulic fracturing, a method of oil and gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open cracks in rocks deep underground

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3
Q

environment

A

the sum of all conditions surrounding us that influence life

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4
Q

environmental science

A

the field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature

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5
Q

ecosystem

A

a particular location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components

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6
Q

biotic

A

living

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7
Q

abiotic

A

nonliving

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8
Q

environmentalism

A

a social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, and education

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9
Q

environmental studies

A

the field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics

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10
Q

ecosystem services

A

the process by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced

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11
Q

environmental indicators

A

an indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

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12
Q

biodiversity

A

the diversity of life forms in an environment

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13
Q

genetic diversity

A

a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

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14
Q

species

A

a group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties

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15
Q

species diversity

A

the number of species in a region or in a particular type of habitat

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16
Q

speciation

A

the evolution of new species

17
Q

background extinction rate

A

the average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

18
Q

per capita

A

amount per each person in a country or unit of population

19
Q

sustainable development

A

development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future geneartions

20
Q

biophilia

A

love of life

21
Q

ecological footprint

A

a measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in area of land

22
Q

anthropogenic

A

derived from human activities

23
Q

scientific method

A

an objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes

24
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable conjecture about how something works

25
Q

variables

A

any categories, conditions, factors, or traits that differ in the natural world or in experimental situations

26
Q

independent variable

A

a variable that is not dependent on other factors

27
Q

dependent variable

A

a variable that is dependent on other factors

28
Q

null hypothesis

A

a prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared

29
Q

replication

A

the data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

30
Q

sample size

A

the number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

31
Q

accuracy

A

how close a measured value is to the actual or true value

32
Q

precision

A

how close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

33
Q

uncertainty

A

an estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value

34
Q

theory

A

a hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance

35
Q

control group

A

in a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the single variable under study

36
Q

natural experiment

A

a natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem

37
Q

development

A

improvement in human well-being through technological advancement

38
Q

sustainability

A

living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

39
Q

greenhouse gases

A

gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

AP Environmental Science 1/2 (2 decks)

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