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Biology 145 > Vocabulary-Chaper Two > Flashcards

Vocabulary-Chaper Two Flashcards

0
Q

Electron she’ll

A

Region of space that electrons occupy and that encircle the nucleus

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1
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged ions

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2
Q

Bonds

A

Links that form by atoms combining with other atoms

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3
Q

Acids

A

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water

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4
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substances that release ions in water

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5
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms that have save atomic number but carry different atomic weight

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6
Q

Atomic weight

A

Resulting number from and atom’s neutrons and protons being added together

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7
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

Molecule

A

Particle formed by chemical union of one or more atoms

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9
Q

Ion

A

Particle that is electrically charged because it has lost/gained one/more electrons

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10
Q

Neutron

A

Same weight as proton no charge and found in nucleus of at

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11
Q

Proton

A

Relatively large particle with positive charge and found in nucleus

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12
Q

Electron

A

Extremely small particle negative charge in constant motion around nucleus of atom

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13
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of composition of substances and how they change

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14
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond between atoms that share electrons

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15
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged ions

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16
Q

Polar bond

A

Covalent bond in whichever the electrons are not shared equally

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17
Q

Chemical reaction

A

The forming-breaking of bonds between atoms, ions, and molecules

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18
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Two or more atoms, ions, or molecules that bond together to create a mor complex structure

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19
Q

Decomposition/catabolic reaction

A

Bonds of a reactant molecule breakdown into simpler forms

20
Q

Exchange reaction

A

Parts of 2 different molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new ones form

21
Q

Reversible reaction

A

Products that change back to reactants

22
Q

Base

A

Substances that release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions(hydroxides)

23
Q

Salt

A

Substances formed by reaction between a base and an acid

24
Q

Ph scale

A

Measures hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

25
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Compounds that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

26
Q

Organic compounds

A

Compounds having both hydrogen and carbon

27
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Water-soluble molecules that have carbon. Hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbon is typically double the amount of oxygen in a carbohydrate

28
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Single sugar. Building blocks of carbs

29
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides bonding

30
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Long chains of stores glucose units

31
Q

Glycogen

A

Stored glucose in humans

32
Q

Starch

A

Stored glucose in plants; digestible by humans

33
Q

Cellulose

A

Most stored glucose in plants; not digestible by humans

34
Q

Lipids

A

Composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen but very little oxygen is present. Water-insoluble

35
Q

Hdl/unsaturated fats

A

Healthy cholesterol Double covalent bond. Liquid at room temp. Found in plants and seafood

36
Q

LDL/ saturated fats

A

Unhealthy cholesterol. Single covalent carbon-hydrogen bond. Max # of hydrogens. Solid at room temp. Found in land animals

37
Q

Proteins

A

Composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen huge compound and most abundant organic compound found in humans

38
Q

Amino acids

A

Building blocks of protein

39
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalyst to speed up reactions and thereby lowers energy requirement

40
Q

Primary structure

A

Linear sequence if amino acids in every protein

41
Q

Secondary structure

A

H-bond. Creates folding and bending in structure Example: keratin protein secondary structure would be straight hair

42
Q

Tertiary structure

A

H-bond. Pleats and bends the fold. Example: Keratin protein: tertiary structure would create wavy or curly hair

43
Q

Quarternary structure

A

Several tertiary structures linked together; very complex

44
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Composes of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and phosphate

Stores and processes info at molecular level

45
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

In cell’s nucleus. Genetic blueprint. Regulates every function of the body

46
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid. Formed from DNA template. Carries out protein synthesis

47
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Biology 145 (7 decks)

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