Voiding Flashcards
Irritative Voiding Symptoms - Urgency
- sudden desire to void
- observed in inflammatory conditions such as cystitis or in hyperreflexic neuropathic conditions such as neurogenic bladders resulting from upper motor neuron lesions
Irritative Voiding Symptoms - Dysuria
- (painful urination) usually assoc. / inflammation
- pain referred to tip of penis in men or urethra in women.
Irritative Voiding Symptoms - Frequency
-increased number of voids during the daytime
Irritative Voiding Symptoms - Nocturia
- nocturnal frequency
- normal void 5-6/day and once at nighttime
- Increased # voids may be caused by increased urinary output or decreased functional bladder capacity
OBSTRUCTIVE VOIDING SYMPTOMS - Hesitancy
Problems in starting the flow of urine. Think about BPH in men and narrowed urethra in women. Emotional stress may also lead to problems starting to pee.
OBSTRUCTIVE VOIDING SYMPTOMS - Decrease force of stream:
Decreased force of the stream of urine.
OBSTRUCTIVE VOIDING SYMPTOMS -Intermittency and post-voiding dribble:
Intermittency- the flow of urine stops and starts. Post Void dribble- residual in the urine leaks out after you are done urinating.
genitourinary source of pain: Renal Pain
Pain of renal origin is usually located in the ipsilateral(same side) costovertebral angle. However, it can be felt anywhere along the back or flank. With infection, the pain is typically constant, whereas with obstruction it may come and go.
Causes: Pyelonephritis, Hydronephrosis, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Renal Vein Thrombosis.
genitourinary source of pain: Ureteral Pain
Ureteral pain is typically stimulated by acute obstruction (passage of a stone or a blood clot). The pain is usually acute and affects the flank and may be associated with nausea or vomiting. Patients are often unable to find a comfortable position to rest. Pain may occur episodically and may radiate anteriorly across the abdomen. As it progress the pain may radiate down to the ipsilateral testical or labrum. If a stone is lodged at the ureterovesicular junction the pain may radiate to the tip of the penis.
Causes: Kidney Stones.
genitourinary source of pain: Vesicle Pain
Cystitis can present as suprapubic pain if pain is felt. The patient in chronic urinary retention due to bladder neck obstruction or neurogenic bladder may experience little or no suprapubic discomfort. Interstitial cystitis pain may improve with urination. Patients with cystitis may have irritative voiding. The pain may also be worse after intercourse.
Causes: Cystitis, UTI, Cancer, Stones.
genitourinary source of pain: Prostatic Pain
Prostatic pain is associated with inflammation and is located in the perineum. Pain radiates to the lumbosacral spine, inguinal canals, or lower extremities. Because of its location near the bladder neck, inflammatory processes of the prostate result in irritative voiding complaints.
genitourinary source of pain: Penile Pain
Pain in the flaccid penis is secondary to inflammatory processes caused by sexually transmitted diseases or paraphimosis, a condition of the uncircumcised male in which the retracted foreskin is trapped behind the glans penis, resulting in vascular congestion and painful swelling of the glans. Pain in the erect penis may be due to Peyronie disease (fibrous plaque of the tunica albuginea, resulting in painful curvature of the erect penis) to priapism (prolonged erection), or trauma.
Causes: Urethritis, Herpes, Balanitis, Paraphimosis, Peyronie’s Disease, Priapism, Prostatis, Urinary Calculus, and Trauma.
genitourinary source of pain: Testicular Pain
Acute conditions such as trauma, torsion of the testis or one of its appendices, or epididymo-orchitis cause acute pain within the scrotum with radiation to the ipsilateral groin. Epididymis may be localized to the epididymis or could present as generalized testicular pain. Pain can radiate up the spermatic cord or to the flank. Disorders of the kidney, retroperitoneal structures, or inguinal canal may result in pain referred to the testis.
Causes: Trauma, Epididymitis, Testicular Torsion, Ochitis.
