Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

philosophy > voocab > Flashcards

voocab Flashcards

1
Q

mind-body problem

A

the problem of giving account of how minds are related to bodies, or how mental states and processes are related to bodily states and processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dualism

A

the theory that mind and matter are two different things, the seperate existence of mind and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

conceivability

A

admissibility of mind. if imagination entails the generation of mental imagery, then everything imaginable is conceivable, but not everything conceivable is imaginable. if it is possible to form a concept of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

epiphenomenalism

A

a species of dualsim, a group of doctrines about mental-physical causal relations, which view some or all aspects of mentality as byproducts of the physical goings-on in the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

identity theory of mind

A

that mental events are identical with physical-biological processes in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

naturalism

A

everything belongs to the world of nature and can be studied by the methods appropriate for studying that world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

physicalism

A

the real world contains nothing but matter and energy, that objects have only physical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thought experiments

A

emplyed to examine the implications of theories and explore the boundaries of concepts; if you can conceptualize and imagine something it must at least be possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

substance dualism

A

the mind/soul is a separate, non physical entity, leaves the possibility that the soul might be able to exist apart from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

property dualism

A

there is no soul distinct from the body, but only one thing, the person, that hs two different types of properties- mental and physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

qualia

A

the subjective qualities of concious experience, comprehensible only from the point of view of certain types of concious being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

modality and metaphysics

A

intimately related; the primary task of metaphysics can be seen as charting the realm of possibilities and modal value is the truth of a statement. empirical sciences can tell us what does exist but it cannot tell us what must or could exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explanatory gap

A

label for the lack of an intelligible or explanatory relationship between neural properties of the brain and the phenomenal properties of experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

psychophysical laws

A

natural laws reporting regular or necessary relationships between mental events and physical events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

panpsychism

A

a doctrine that states that each spatio-temporal thing has a mental or inner aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

philosophy

A

thinking about thinking, comprised of three main parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

metaphysics

A

rationally critical thinking about the general nature of the world,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epistemology

A

the justification of belief, seeks to make explicit the rules of correct belief-formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ethics/ moral philosophy

A

the conduct of life, seeks to articulate the rules or principles involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mind

A

allows to think, percieve, and feel, seen as separate objects or parts of self

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

consciousness

A

involves experience or awareness, a subjective mental state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

content of consciousness

A

that which one is/seems to be conscious of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sensory content

A

image, something specific, about the content a what

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

propositional content

A

what one believes or thinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

intentionality

A

technical term for a distinguishing festure of states of mind, the fact that they are about or represent things. one cannot believe wish or hope without believing wishing or hoping something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

feminist philosophy

A

vague, it believes that traditional philosophy is gender biased because in the past only men were considered philosophers. it also believes that there is an emphasis on reason at the expense of emotion and that the mind is given priority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

social constructionism

A

analysis of knowledge or reality or both as contingent upon social relations, they do not believe in the possibility of value free foundations or sources of knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ontology

A

a branch of metaphysis, the science of being in general- embracing issues as the nature of existence and the categorial structure of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

supervenience

A

a kind of dependency relation. one set of properties is suprevenient on another set when they are so related that there could not be a difference in the firstwithout there being a difference in he second, though there can be a difference in the second without one in the first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

idealism, british

A

movement in 19th and 20th century britain according to which ultimate reality is mental or spiritual, not physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

scientism

A

a) the sciences are more important than the arts for understanding the world we live in
b) only a scientific methodology is inellectually acceptable- if the arts are to be a genuine part of human knowledge they must adopt it
c) philosophical problems are scientific problems and should only be dealt with as such

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

normative

A

a standard, rule, principle used to judge or direct human conduct as something to be complied with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

agent

A

a person or other being who is the subject when there is action that
-possesses a capacity to choose between options
-is able to do what one chooses
agency is a causal power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

scientific naturalism

A

maintains the ontological and epistemological primacy of the natural sciences as a whole, whether the other natural sciences are reducible to physics or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

liberal naturalism

A

believe that it is not true that what cannot be naturalized is non natural or supernatural and should therefore be treated as fiction or an illusion, it should be a second nature

36
Q

consciousness, neural correlates of

A

activities, states, or parts of central nervous system which are directly related to the occurrence of conscious perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and intentions, maybe under certain environmental or bodily conditions

37
Q

self-consciousness

A

the consciousness of a special kind of object

38
Q

subjectivity

A

pertaining to the subject and his or her particular perspective, feelings, beliefs, and desires.

39
Q

mary, black and white

A

basically explain the knowledge argument

40
Q

a priori

A

when knowledge does not depend for its authority upon the evidence of experience

41
Q

a posteriori

A

when knowledge depends for its authority on evidence of experience

42
Q

the hard problem of consciousness

A

the problem of experience; there is something it is like to be a conscious organism and this subjective aspect is experience

43
Q

a priori physicalism

A

if you knew all the physical facts, you would need no further information in order to infer all the mental facts

44
Q

a posteriori physicalism

A

we could have a complete collection of lower-level physical facts that necessitate all the mental facts but does not a priori imply them

45
Q

token

A

particular meaningful items, a replica of a symbol

46
Q

functionalism

A

the theory that the condition for being in a mental state should be given by the functional role of he state, in terms of its causal relationships rather than by supposed intrinsic features

47
Q

inverted spectrum

A

that two people outwardly indistinguishable in their color discriminating may systematically differ in their color experiences (green red red green)

48
Q

zombies

A

a living creature that was indistinguishable in its physical constitution and in terms of its outward appearance and behavior from a normal human being, but who has no inner conscious mental life

49
Q

multiple realizability

A

one kind of conscious experience can be physically realized in multiple ways

50
Q

combination properties

A

one cannot pile up enough microscopic experiences to add up to a familiar microscopic experience

51
Q

emergent properties

A

it arises out of the properties and relations characterizing its simpler constituents, it isnneither predictable from nor reducible to these lower level characteristics.

52
Q

nomic

A

scientifically lawlike, distinguishing a claim from the merely contingent and the moral or legal

53
Q

hylomorphism

A

the doctrine that sensible things are composites of matter and form

54
Q

mechanism

A

the doctrine that we aee machines similar to zombies

55
Q

disposition

A

a capacity or tendency to act or be acted in a certain way

56
Q

intrinsic

A

non dispositional properties like a persons age

57
Q

intentionality

A

a term for the ideas or representations of things formed by the mind

a feature of thought that allows us to differentiate between concepts

58
Q

mind, syntax, and semantics

A

mental phenomena such as beleifs, desires, hopes, fears, love, hate, perception, and intention are said to be intentional in the sense that they are directed at or about or of objects and states of affaires in the world. they may be conscious or unconscious

59
Q

concept

A

the modern replacement for the older term idea, not as associated with images and more bound with language

60
Q

intensionality

A

a context or form of words is intensional if its truth is dependent on the meanings and not just the reference of its component words

61
Q

turing machine

A

an idealization of an ideal finite calculating agent usually described as a machine- has an infinite tape, a head which reds or writes symbols from a finite list, and a finite number of states

62
Q

artificial intelligence

A

a new discipline which studies the programming and performance of computers used both for problem solving across a wide range of intellectual, engineering, and operational tasks, as a tool in psychology for modelling mental abilities

63
Q

creativity

A

the ability to produce distinct responses to specific problems

64
Q

original intentionality

A

the source from which derived intentionality derives

65
Q

derived intentionality

A

the intentionality of words and other public symbols

66
Q

use and mention

A

a distinction between talk about the world by means of a word and talk about that word.

numbers are abstract objects-used
“number” has six letters-mentioned

67
Q

thinking

A

the operation of structure sensitive processes defined over the compositional structures of symbols possessing original intentionality. it falls out from this characterization that thinking is something that a purely physical entity can do, but not something that only a biological brain can do

68
Q

connectionism

A

an approach in artificial intelligence and cognitive science aimed at producing biologically realistic models of the brain and of mental processing

69
Q

strong AI

A

the computer us not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather, the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind, in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states

70
Q

chinese room

A

a thought experiment to establish that nothing could think simply by being a computer- input and output could be in chinese you have no idea what it means but still does what a computer does

71
Q

necessary and sufficient conditions

A

if a conditional of the form “if p then q” is true, then the state of affairs expressed by q is said to be a necessary condition of the state of affairs expressed by p

72
Q

reliable indication

A

x reliably indicated y when there is a reliable causal link between x and y, so smoke reliably indicated fire, clouds reliably indicate thunder

73
Q

teleological function

A

goal directed- normally attributed to biological mechanisms, teleological explanations and explanations in terms of teleological functions like the hearts function of pumping blood around the body

74
Q

asymmetrically dependent

A

sheep sheep connection exists without goat sheep connection but goat sheep connection cant exist without sheep sheep

75
Q

teleological theory of mental representation

A

a theoretical reduction of the everyday notion of representational content

76
Q

cognitive architecture

A

a term used in theories of cognition to describe the functional organization of the mind into component parts. the mind can be described as a collection of modules where a module is a cognitive mechanism that works in isolation from other modules on a restricted range of inputs and outputs

77
Q

adaptationism

A

many other traits have been selected because of their effects and this process of selection has been crucial to the evolution of species

78
Q

externalism

A

one of a number of views that hold what is thought or said(content) depends on factors external to the mind of the thinker or speaker

79
Q

active externalism

A

the human organism is linked with an external entity in a two way interaction creating a coupled system that can be seen as a cognitive system in its own right

80
Q

epistemic actions

A

alter the world so as to aid and augment cognitive processes such as recognition and search

ex: physical rotation is used not just to position shape ready to fit a slot, but often to help determine whether the shape and slot are comptible

81
Q

extended cognitive processes

A

the outside/physical world being a part of cognitice processes

82
Q

introspection

A

it is a persons internal way of ascertaining what mental state theyre in

83
Q

phenomenal intentionality

A

bd

84
Q

cognitive phenomenology

A

fb

85
Q

normative decision theory

A

a more realistic version of a decision theoretic approach to capture norms for ordinary successful reasoning

philosophy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions