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Theories of Personality > W2: Overview of Theories of Personality > Flashcards

W2: Overview of Theories of Personality Flashcards

1
Q

the original psychodynamic theory

A

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis

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2
Q

The major causes of behavior have their origin in the unconscious.

A

Assumptions

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3
Q

all behavior has a cause/reason.

A

Psychic determinism

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4
Q

Criticisms of Psychodynamic

A
  • Unscientific.
  • Unfalsifiable.
  • Sexist against women. (penis envy and weaker superegos)
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5
Q

Basic Assumptions

A

Humanistic / Existential
Theory

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6
Q

personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience.

A

phenomenological

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7
Q

Focus on how individuals perceive and interpret events

A

Humanistic / Existential
Theory

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8
Q

believes that people have free will: (Personal agency – choices we make in life and their consequences)

A

Humanistic psychology

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9
Q

rejects scientific methodology like experiments and qualitative research methods.

A

Humanism

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10
Q

rejected comparative
psychology (the study of animals) because it does not tell us anything about the unique properties of human beings

A

Humanism

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11
Q

Areas of application of HUMANISM

A
  • Person-Centered Therapy
  • Motivation
  • Depression
  • Education
  • Self-worth
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12
Q

Both emphasize life meaning and human potential

A

Humanism & Existential

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13
Q

is seen as having a more positive view of humanity.

A

Humanistic psychology

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14
Q

it delves more into the darkness of humanity.

A

Existential psychology

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15
Q

most famous existential psychologist

A

Victor Frankl

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16
Q

Existential psychology comes from the turn of the 20th-century existential European philosophers, such as _______________.

A

Kierkegaard and Sartre

17
Q

These psychological theories are phenomenological, meaning that “they value personal experience and subjectivity.”

A

Humanism & Existential

18
Q

the focus on the
“here-and-now” in therapy

A

Humanism & Existential

19
Q

Trait Theory, also known as ______.

A

Dispositional Theory

20
Q

The study of human personality and behavior.

A

Dispositional Theory

21
Q

Six Factor Model of Personality

A

HEXACO
1. Honest-humility
2. Emotionality (similar in a number of ways to NEUROTICISM)
3. Extraversion
4. Agreeableness
5. Conscientiousness
6. Openness to Experience

22
Q

A dimension of personality that reflects the degree to which a person promotes—or doesn’t—their own interests above those of others.

A

honesty-humility

23
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Humanism and Existentialism are the same and their concept can be interchangeable.

A

False

24
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Theory are commonly used interchangeably.

A

True

25
Q

Psychologists who adopt this approach mainly study what we share with others (i.e., similarities between people). It involves establishing laws or generalizations that apply to all people.

A

Nomothetic approach

26
Q

Psychologists interested in this aspect of experience want to discover what makes each of us unique. No general laws are possible because of chance, free will, and the uniqueness of individuals.

A

Idiographic approach

27
Q

Anna Freud is a _______ Psychologist.

A

Psychodynamic

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE
According to Trait Theories, the Big Five remain relatively stable throughout most of one’s lifetime.

A

True

29
Q

Emotionality similar in a number of ways to _______

A

NEUROTICISM

30
Q

In the six-factor model of personality, what is the additional trait?

A

Honest-humility

31
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Behaviorists are psychologists who argued that psychology needed to study only things that could be measured and quantified to be more scientific.

A

True

32
Q

TRUE or FALSE
Acceptable contemporary research has provided empirical support for psychodynamic therapies that are being used in modern times.

A

True

33
Q

Abraham Maslow belongs to _____ theorists.

A

Humanistic

34
Q

Ares of Application of BEHAVIORISM

A
  • Gender Role Development
  • Behavioral Therapy
  • Phobias
  • Education
  • Behavior Modification
  • Psychopathology
  • Depression
  • Relationships
  • Moral Development
  • Aggression
  • Addiction
35
Q

Criticisms of Behaviorism

A
  • Behaviorism only provides a partial account of human behavior, that which can be objectively viewed.
  • Ignores biology (e.g., testosterone)
  • Too deterministic (little free-will)
  • Experiments – low ecological validity
  • Humanism – can’t compare animals to humans
  • Reductionist
36
Q

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas, e.g., _____ (1912), ______ (1921), ______ (1927), _______ (1936), and ______ (1950).

A

Carl Jung
Melanie Klein
Alfred Adler
Anna Freud
Erik Erikson

Theories of Personality (8 decks)

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