Wards

Question 0

AF with CAD

Answer 0

Sotalol

Question 1

AF with no heart disease

Answer 1

Flecainide, propane one

Question 2

AF with CAD, CHF

Answer 2

Dofetilide, amiodarone

Question 3

AF with renal failure

Answer 3

Aminodarone, dronedarone

Question 4

Dabigatran

Answer 4

Direct thrombin inhibitor. Doesn’t need lab monitoring or adjustment

Question 5

Diastolic HF

Answer 5

Inability of ventricles tore lax and fill normally, causing increased filling pressure. EF>50%. From constrictive pericarditis, at pomade, RCM, HTN

Question 6

Kussmaul’s sign

Answer 6

Increased JVP during inspiration. Usually indicative of limited RV filling due to RHF. (JVP usu falls with inspiration due to decreased pressure in thoracic cavity.) impaired filling backs up into venous system.

Question 7

Sildenafil

Answer 7

Phosphodiesterase 6 inhibitor. Erectile dysfunction and plum HTN.

Question 8

Resp causes clubbing

Answer 8

Asbestosis
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis/carcinoma
Decreased o2
Empyema
Fibrosing alveolitis

Question 9

Black sputum

Answer 9

Aspergillosis

Question 10

Grey/clear sputum

Answer 10

COPD

Question 11

Frothy pink sputum

Answer 11

Acute pulm edema

Question 12

Green/yellow sputum

Answer 12

Pneumonia

Question 13

Causes chronic liver disease

Answer 13

Alcohol
Hep b, c
Drugs: amio, some uti prophylactic….

Question 14

Glycerine

Answer 14

Osmotic suppository

Question 15

Bell of stethoscope

Answer 15

Best for low frequency vibrations, e.g. S3, S4, MS

Question 16

Diaphragm of stethoscope

Answer 16

Best for high pitched blowing murmurs, e.g. Any regurg

Question 17

Sarcoidosis

Answer 17

Multisystem granulomatous disorder, unknown cause. Oft incidental finding. Acute-erythema nodosum with or without polyarthralgia, usu resolves spontaneously.
90% have abnormal CXRs with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with or without pulmonary infiltrates or fibrosis.
Cough, dyspnea, decreased exercise tolerance, chest pain, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, uveitis, glaucoma, Bell’s palsy, neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias…

Question 18

HCM on echo

Answer 18

Asymm septal hypertrophy, small LV cavity, dilated LA, systolic anterior motion of mitral valve

Question 19

Tachy Brady syndrome

Answer 19

SVT alternating with bradycardia/asystole. Pace if symptomatic. From sinus node dysfunction.

Question 20

Holiday heart syndrome

Answer 20

Binge drinking (no HD)->acute cardiac rhythm and/or conduction disturbances. Most common is supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, esp AF.

Question 21

Broadbent’s sign

Answer 21

11th, 12th ribs indrawn, with narrowing of ICS posteriorly. Constrictive pericarditis due to pericardial adhesions to diaphragm (retraction with heart beat).

Question 22

Perinodal cells

Answer 22

Aka transitional (T) cells. Transmit elec impulse from SAN to RA.

Question 23

Sinoatrial exit block

Answer 23

Fabled propagation of PM impulses beyond SAN. Three degrees.