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landscapes and surgical processes > water governance > Flashcards

water governance Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the worlds water supply does Canada have

A

20%

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2
Q

what are some myths of Canadian water

A

resistant to exporting water bc supply of renewable flow isn’t as large

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3
Q

where does Canada rank among the world supplies of renewable freshwater

A

3rd 6.5% of global supply

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4
Q

components of water budget

A

inputs: precipitation, runoff, groundwater
outputs: evapotranspiration, transpiration, irrigation, industrial uses, residential uses, groundwater outflow

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5
Q

define resilience

A

the ability of the water systems to function so that nature and people thrive under shocks, stresses and change

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6
Q

in Canada what were the water laws

A

ontario and east riparian
Quebec civil code
Manitoba west prior appropriation

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7
Q

what is a riparian doctrine

A

2 principals reasonable use harm without injury
must share total land flow of stream. proportion of use is correlated to how much waterfront you own. Cannot transfer

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8
Q

what is prior appropriation

A

water is secured by diverting flow. First in time first in right. Someone with an older appropriator has superior weight over a new one

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9
Q

What three relatively recent events in Canada have prompted governments to realize how quickly water problems can have tragic impacts on people.

A

North Battleford had sewage upstream from drinking water
Walkerton E-Coli
First Nations kashechewan had high bacteria within water

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10
Q

how much water is allowed to be taken before a permit is needed

A

50,000L

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11
Q

what is Hammurabi code

A

if you destroy someones field with flooding pay it to them dont be a shit cunt

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12
Q

what was the clean water act in 2006

A

to ensure the protection of Ontario’s municipal drinking water sources

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13
Q

how much of the global population experiences water stress

A

25%

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14
Q

define water governance

A

Water governance refers to the range of political, social, economic andadministrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources,and the delivery of water services at different levels

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15
Q

what are some risk drivers of water conflict

A

population, economic,prolonged drought, pollution, upstreaminfrastructure, inefficient water use, poormanagement and weak institutions

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16
Q

what are some challenges for water conflict

A

Political and economic tradeoffs
* Collective action (free riders)
* Lack financial resources or technical capacity
* Social or cultural barriers
* Entrenched corruption

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17
Q

how many international boundaries intersect water basins

A

261 with 45% of all land area

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18
Q

how has water been used as a weapon

A

ancient times wells were destroyed. recently Libya cut off supply to 2 million people

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19
Q

what are the different types of water weaponisation

A

Strategic
tactical
coercive
unintentional
psychological

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20
Q

what did the treaty of Niagara mean for the indigenous

A

The agreement confirmed that Indigenous peoples would not have to deal with local colonial governments in matters of land and resource use

21
Q

what are the legal arguments for abo rights

A

reserve lands and water rights
abo title, rights and treaty rights
abo laws matter

22
Q

examples of enviro racism

A

protect species at risk yet no concern for loss of abo life
James bay cree people have high levels of mercury in fish they eat

23
Q

what is the sparrow test

A

seeks to define weather a right has been infringed on.
Have you been infringed? Is it justified?

24
Q

what is UNDRIP

A

united nations declaration on the rights of indigenous people

25
Q

what happened with casino in durham

A

wetland protection said no government forced them to give permit

26
Q

how much of the worlds wetlands are in Canada

A

25%

27
Q

how many ramstar wetlands in Canada

A

37 ring of fire may be in cross fire of ramstar sights

28
Q

what are the three criteria for a wetland

A

water vegetation
presence of water at surface or just below
hydrophobic soils

29
Q

what does Canada and the USA use for borders of wetlands

A

USA 2/3 and Canada uses the 50% rule usually use vegetation

30
Q

what are the 4 main types of wetlands

A

Bog, swamps, marsh, fen

31
Q

what is a swamp

A

are low lying areas. Constantly saturated environment.

32
Q

what is a bog

A

only get water from rainfall

33
Q

what is the ranking to be classed as a provincially significant wetland

A

600

34
Q

what was the main and secondary purpose of dams

A

hydro was primary then flood control secondary

35
Q

what happened with the structural approach to flood prevention

A

built dry dams

36
Q

the Canada water act helped with flood prevention and was built for what type of storm

A

1 in 100 year also created payouts for people that were affected

37
Q

what are cyno bacteria and what can they do

A

blue green algae. bloom through large amounts of phosphorous photosynthetic, gasvesicles (buoyancy), N-fixing and non-N-fixing species

38
Q

why do algal blooms happen in Callander bay

A

sediment anoxia increase risk of blooms and warm water >20

39
Q

how was cyanobacteria prevented in calendar bay

A

by talking to the community
reduction of external nutrient inputs
Addition of phosphate- binding clay
Artificial mixing of lakes suppresses buoyant cyanobacteria

40
Q

what is the level where it becomes unsafe to swim with cyanobacteria

A

10 parts per billion

41
Q

how many Canadians rely on groundwater

A

9 million

42
Q

where does Ontario rank for hydro electric generation

A

third

43
Q

how many hydro electric dams in Canada

A

626

44
Q

how does hydro electricity work

A

divert the flow of water from a higher to lowerelevation, channel it through a wheel or turbine, link kineticenergy to an electrical generator and distribution grid

45
Q

how does the ‘store and release’ impact riversand watershed for hydro electricity

A

Rivers have distinct hydrographs
* Plants need to work at maximum efficiency
* Requires a steady release of water, which is a very different flow regim

46
Q

what was the boom decade of hydro

A

1900-1910

47
Q

how many hydro power stations in Canada now

A

500 producing 73,000MW

48
Q
A

landscapes and surgical processes (4 decks)

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