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Weather and Climate > Weather and Climate: Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Weather and Climate: Ch. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for Mean Daily Temp

A

(maximum day temp + minimum day temp) /2

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2
Q

Equation for Daily Temp Range

A

max day temp - min day temp

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3
Q

Equation for Monthly Mean Temp

A

Add mean daily temps for month / # of days in month

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4
Q

Equation for Annual Mean Temp

A

Average of 12 monthly means

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5
Q

Equation for Annual Temp Range

A

Warmest average monthly temp - coldest average temp

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6
Q

What is the primary control of daily air temp?

A

Earth’s rotation

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7
Q

What time are sun rays most intense?

A

around noon

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8
Q

During the afternoon, incoming solar radiation _______ outgoing radiation

A

exceeds

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9
Q

What does incoming solar radiation exceeding outgoing radiation cause

A

energy surplus

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10
Q

When is the max temp for dry regions on cloud-free days?

A

late afternoon (3 - 5pm)

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11
Q

When is the max temp for humid regions?

A

around 2pm

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12
Q

IR energy is emitted by surface

A

Rediational cooling

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13
Q

Early morning (before sunrise), day’s _________ temp is reached

A

minimum

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14
Q

Annual temperature cycle more pronounced ________ from equator

A

farther

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15
Q

Highest and lowest temps do not coincide ________

A

solstices

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16
Q

Annual temperature cycle lags behind solstices by average of ___ days in U.S.

A

27

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17
Q

Annual temperature cycle lags behind solstices by average of ___ days near larger bodies of water

A

36

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18
Q

Annual Temperature Cycle: Warmest =

A

end of July

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19
Q

Annual Temperature Cycle: Coldest =

A

end of January

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20
Q

Factor that causes temp to vary

A

Temperature control

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21
Q

What are the 6 reasons temperatures vary?

A
  1. Latitude
  2. Elevation
  3. Land and Water
  4. Ocean Currents
  5. Prevailing Winds
  6. Cloud Cover
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22
Q

Characteristics of Latitude

A
  • Primary control of temp
  • temp decreases on average as you gain latitude away from equator
  • typically, greater variation in temp from south to north in winter
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23
Q

Temps _______ as you ______ elevation

A

decrease; increase

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24
Q

Water heats and cools ______ and to a _______ degree than land

A

slower; lesser

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25
Q

Water is highly _______

A

mobile

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26
Q

Water is ________

A

transparent

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27
Q

Land is _______

A

opaque

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28
Q

_____ heat is required to raise temp of water compared to land

A

More

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29
Q

_________ from water is greater than land

A

Evaporation

30
Q

Characteristics of Maritime Climate

A
  • locations downwind of water
  • experience smaller range in annual temp
31
Q

Characteristics of Continental Climate

A
  • inland locations
  • experience greater range in annual temp
32
Q

Ocean currents transport _____ from one region of world to another

A

heat

33
Q

warm ocean current that flows from tropics to midlatitudes

A

Gulf Stream

34
Q

The Gulf Stream supplies heat to cooler __________

A

midlatitudes

35
Q

cold ocean current that flows from cold to warm latitudes

A

California Current

36
Q

Dominant wind direction

A

Prevailing Wind

37
Q

Characteristics of Windward coast

A
  • prevailing winds blow from ocean to land
  • keeps and temps cooler
38
Q

Prevailing winds blow from land to ocean

A

Leeward coast

39
Q

Cloud cover keeps daytime temps _______

A

cooler

40
Q

Cloud cover keeps night temps _______

A

warmer

41
Q

Clouds reduce incoming _______ ________

A

solar radiation

42
Q

Clouds absorb outgoing ___, emitting it back to ________

A

IR; surface

43
Q

Clouds act as a ________ “snuggie” at night

A

blanket

44
Q

What is another factor why temperatures vary?

A

Urban Heat Island

45
Q

a city that is an island of warmth surrounded by cooler air

A

Urban Heat Island

46
Q

Lines that connect points of equal temp

A

isotherms

47
Q

Iso = ______

A

equal

48
Q

Therm = _______

A

temperature

49
Q

Isotherms never _____ eachother

A

cross

50
Q

amount of temp change per distance

A

Temperature Gradient

51
Q

Steep gradient = …

A

closely spaced isotherms

52
Q

Closely spaced isotherms = …

A

rapid temp change

53
Q

What are the only two countries to use the Fahrenheit Scale

A

U.S. and Belize

54
Q

Using the Fahrenheit Scale, water freezes at ____

A

32℉

55
Q

Using the Fahrenheit Scale, water boils at ____

A

212℉

56
Q

The Celsius Scale is used for most _______ purposes

A

scientific

57
Q

Using the Celsius Scale, water freezes at ____

A

0℃

58
Q

Using the Celsius Scale, water boils at ____

A

100℃

59
Q

What is the equation to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

℃ x 1.8 + 32

60
Q

What is the equation to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

(℉ - 32) / 1.8

61
Q

Perceived increase or decrease in temp felt by human body

A

Apparent Temperature

62
Q

What are the 2 indices used for Apparent Temperature?

A
  • The Heat Index (HI)
  • Windchill
63
Q

Characteristics of Heat Index

A
  • High humidity impedes evaporation:
    –> people more uncomfortable on hot, humid days
  • Combines temp with humidity
64
Q

Characteristics of Windchill

A
  • Faster wind blows = greater body’s heat loss
  • Uses temp and wind speed
  • Frostbite (freezing of skin)
65
Q

Heat is removed from exposed skin quickly and discolors and freezes

A

Frostbite

66
Q

Person loses body heat faster than body can produce it in …

A

cold, damp weather

67
Q

lowering of human body causes mental and physical collapse

A

Hypothermia

68
Q

Hypothermia can happen at temps between

A

32℉ and 50℉

69
Q

What is the hottest region in the U.S.?

A

desert SW

70
Q

What is the coldest region of the continental U.S.:

A

Northern Great Plains and northern Maine

Weather and Climate (11 decks)

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