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Assessment and Theory > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What helps guide us OTs?
a. client priorities
b. our experience
c. available research
d. theories
e. all of the above
f. A and B only

A

e. all of the above

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2
Q

The theories that guide professional reasoning are…
a. personal and formal
b. tacit and explicit
c. broad and discrete
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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3
Q

Two types of ideas that are part of most theories are?

A

Propositions and assumptions

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4
Q

What is a proposition?

A
  • a formal statement about cause and effects or the nature of relationships among features of the world
  • it is hypothetically possible to test them and therefore prove them false
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5
Q

“A virus causes a particular illness.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

a. proposition

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6
Q

“Practice of a skill in the context in which it will be applied leads to more effective long-term mastery.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

a. proposition

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7
Q

“Sensory defensiveness is a defining characteristic of children with autism.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

a. proposition

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8
Q

True of False: To help determine if a statement is a proposition or assumption, it can be helpful to translate the statement into an if/then statement

A

True

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9
Q

What is an assumption?

A

-ideas believed to be true
-in science this term is applied much more specifically to ideas that really cannot be definitively proven true or false

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10
Q

“People have an inherent drive for mastery of their environment.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

b. assumption

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11
Q

True of False: assumptions about the nature of human behavior and corresponding views of reality may shape what we attend to when planning the evaluation process and developing intervention strategies with clients

A

True

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12
Q

“Behavior is largely controlled by external social influences.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

b. assumption

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13
Q

“People are largely in control of their behavior.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

b. assumption

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14
Q

“The essence of learning is acquiring more information.” This statement is an example of…
a. proposition
b. assumption

A

b. assumption

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15
Q

What is tacit reasoning?

A

-implicit, based on information or experiences that we cannot easily put into words
-based on experience and instinct

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16
Q

_____ practitioners have a tactic understanding of what they do.
a. new
b. experienced

A

b. experienced

17
Q

True or False: A therapist might determine that the strength of the muscle “just doesn’t seem right” is an example of tacit reasoning

A

True

18
Q

True or False: A therapist instinctively singing a calming song to soothe a child is an example of tacit reasoning

A

True

19
Q

True or False: Tacit reasoning allows us to work quickly and effectively in the moment

A

True

20
Q

What is an explicit proposition?

A

-evaluation of an idea as logical and based on quality of evidence
-is our idea working?
-if our intervention is effective we need to know what caused that change (the if/then)

21
Q

True or False: We need to be able to translate our tacit reasoning into clear explicit propositions about what we think promoted the desired change for the client

A

True

22
Q

What is a broad theory?

A

-specifies how concepts or factors are related and gives a name to a set of elements that share something in common
-how concepts and factors are related
-provides a way to organize elements of the phenomenon

23
Q

What is a discrete theory?

A

-use hypothesis to test causal relationships among elements of broad theories
-may identify the cause of a problem OR how intervention leads to therapeutic change

24
Q

Which type of theory helps us focus out initial observations (what is important to attend to rather than what to do)
a. broad
b. discrete

A

a. broad

25
Q

Which type of theory helps to specify what might happen or what to expect as a result of an intervention?
a. broad
b. discrete

A

b. discrete

26
Q

Where do theories come from?

A

Theories are developed in response to an experience that cannot be explained using existing explanations.

27
Q

True or false: broad and discrete theories both make claims about hypothesized relationships?

A

True, the theories just vary on a continuum in terms of the degree of development and specificity regarding how to intervene etc.

28
Q

What is a frame of reference?

A

-“an acceptable vehicle for organizing theoretical material in occupational therapy and translating it into practice through a functional perspective” (Kramer, 2020 p.17)
-Provides a link between theory and practice
-Draws from one or more theories to provide a basis for what will occur throughout the intervention process
-Often more than one is used to address client’s needs

29
Q

Which theoretical topics are used in OT?
a. Motor Function
b. Cognition Perception
c. Sensory Processing
d. Emotional Regulation
e. Communication/Social Interaction
f. All of the above

A

f. all of the above

30
Q

According to Yerxa, what is the “I” and what is the “It”

A

“ . . . traditional science and medical practice in the 21st century often separates the I consciousness, the person who experiences daily life, from the it of an object that can be probed, tested, and fixed. This separation may also influence the development of occupational science and the practice of occupational therapy to the detriment of the profession.”

31
Q

What is a top-down assessment?

A

Engagement in occupations and then move to performance skills, body structure function etc

32
Q

What is a bottom-up assessment?

A

Performance skills and body structure function first and then participation in occupations

33
Q

What is the difference between screening and an evaluation?

A

Screening is shorter and usually helps to determine if an evaluation is appropriate/needed
Evaluation is much longer and more in depth, need screening first

Assessment and Theory (11 decks)

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