Week 1 Flashcards
Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease
(OA of cervical spine). Intervertebral disk undergoes normal aging. Reduction of glycoproteins in nucleus pulposus causes it to dehydrate and become firm. This reduces height and causes changes in alignment. Facet problems, reduced lordosis, pain, stress on vertebral endplates causing osteophytes. NSAIDs or Opiods. Surgical intervention if severe
Cervical Disk Herniation
Cracks in annulus fibrosus allows nucleus pulposus to push out posteriorly. This can compress exiting nerve roots (cervical radiculopathy) or compress the spinal cord (cervical myelopathy).
Cervical Disk Herniation: presentation, treatment, and prognosis
neck pain, radiating pain (radiculopathy) to shoulder and upper extremity, (myelopathy) weakness, increased muscle tone and spasticity in legs. MRI or CT to confirm diagnosis. Most resolve in 6 weeks with conservative treatment. Corticosteroids and can be injected epidurally, NSAIDs. Prognosis worse if there is compression of chord or nerve roots.
cervical muscle strain
strain is muscle or tendon injury from overuse or incorrect exertion. May compress greater occipital nerve and cause more pain. can decrease lordosis. usually resolves within days to weeks. rest or heat can help in subacute stage. stretching is helpful
whiplash syndrome
most commonly from car crash. muscle pain and spasms along spine. loss of lordosis (sometimes). 80% recover in 3 months. 20% have chronic pain. no intervention. NSAIDs, ice at acute stage
Atlantoaxial instability
increased atlantoaxial mobility. May be due to weakened transverse ligament that holds the dens. Dens may move posteriorly and compress spinal chord (myelopathy). Could be congenital (1/5 in down syndrome) or from trauma/chronic inflammation (rheumatoid a.). progressive neurologic defects. not too much pain..maybe some on movement. Radiology: can show increased predental space (dens to posterior surface of atlas). Surgical fixation is main treatment.
cervical Radiculopathy
Compression or injury to spinal roots. Causes: (1) hernia (2) local inflammation (due to tears in annulus fibrosus). Paresthesia and movement deficits typically radiate into shoulder and u. extremity. Findings: limited range of motion, pain and muscle (paraspinals) spasms, MRI could be helpful. Most symptoms resolve spontaneously. Surgery in extreme cases. stretching, heat and ice may help. corticosteroids can be injected
cervical spinal stenosis
Causes: many (osteophytes, herniations, hematoma, foreign body). Upper extremity weakness or sensory disturbances. Gradual onset of neck pain. loss of lordosis or limited range of motion due to pain may be noted. MRI is effective for determining etiology of stenosis and presence or absence of myelopathy. NSAIDs or epidural. intervention to remove osteophytes in severe cases
Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease
(OA of cervical spine). Intervertebral disk undergoes normal aging. Reduction of glycoproteins in nucleus pulposus causes it to dehydrate and become firm. This reduces height and causes changes in alignment. Facet problems, reduced lordosis, pain, stress on vertebral endplates causing osteophytes. NSAIDs or Opiods. Surgical intervention if severe
cervical Radiculopathy
Compression or injury to spinal roots. Causes: (1) hernia (2) local inflammation (due to tears in annulus fibrosus). Paresthesia and movement deficits typically radiate into shoulder and u. extremity. Findings: limited range of motion, pain and muscle (paraspinals) spasms, MRI could be helpful. Most symptoms resolve spontaneously. Surgery in extreme cases. stretching, heat and ice may help. corticosteroids can be injected
Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease
(OA of cervical spine). Intervertebral disk undergoes normal aging. Reduction of glycoproteins in nucleus pulposus causes it to dehydrate and become firm. This reduces height and causes changes in alignment. Facet problems, reduced lordosis, pain, stress on vertebral endplates causing osteophytes. NSAIDs or Opiods. Surgical intervention if severe
cervical spinal stenosis
Causes: many (osteophytes, herniations, hematoma, foreign body). Upper extremity weakness or sensory disturbances.
Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease
(OA of cervical spine). Intervertebral disk undergoes normal aging. Reduction of glycoproteins in nucleus pulposus causes it to dehydrate and become firm. This reduces height and causes changes in alignment. Facet problems, reduced lordosis, pain, stress on vertebral endplates causing osteophytes. NSAIDs or Opiods. Surgical intervention if severe
Fibrous Tissue (components)
- Fibers - collagen and elastic 2. Ground Substance- non cellular components of ECF excluding collagen (proteoglycans, adhesion glycoproteins, GAGs).
tendonopathy (3 types)
tendonitis: acute inflammation of tendon tendinosis: chronic noninflammatory injury caused by microtears and overuse (or degenerative changes). Tenosynovitis: the inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (called the synovium) that surrounds a tendon. When the condition causes the finger to “stick” in a flexed position, this is called “stenosing” tenosynovitis, commonly known as “Trigger Finger”. This condition often presents with comorbid tendinitis.
