Week 1

Question 0

Memory examples

Answer 0

Facts. Personal info.

Question 1

Learned behaviour

Answer 1

Habits. Preferences. Skills.

Question 2

Learning and memory relationship

Answer 2

1. Acquisition: encoding
2. Storage: retention storage
3. Retrieval: long-term storage

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

How the mind is structured

Focus on introspection

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

How the mind functions.

Emphasis on action and application/ behaviour within environment.

Question 5

Experimental psychology

Answer 5

Came Out of functionalism/structuralism. Based on Empirical observation.

Question 6

Herman ebbinghaus

Answer 6

Memory retention and the retention curve - how info is retained at each point in time following learning.

Question 7

Behaviourism

Answer 7

Pavlov’s dogs. Classical conditioning.

Question 8

Classical conditioning

Answer 8

Two stimulus are repeatedly paired; a response first elicited by the 2nd stimulus is eventually elicited by the 1st stimulus alone.
Learning curve.

Question 9

Unconditioned response

Answer 9

Happens naturally. No previous learning.

Question 10

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 10

Causes behaviour through association.

Question 11

Operant conditioning

Answer 11

Skinners rats. Behaviour is modified by its antecedents and consequences. Positive reinforcement to shape behaviour.

Question 12

Cognitive psychology

Answer 12

60s Noam Chomsky.

Focus: language. Mental processes. Speed of language learning. Use of language.

Question 13

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 13

Can’t remember things from before the brain injury

Question 14

Anterior grade amnesia

Answer 14

Can’t remember things after the brain injury

Question 15

Three major memory systems

Answer 15

Procedural memory
Emotional memory
Declarative memory

Question 16

Procedural memory

Answer 16

Behavioural changes by conditioning. Learning responses, habits I.e. Riding a bike playing piano

Question 17

Emotional memory

Answer 17

Conditioned preferences and aversions. Emotional responses.

Question 18

Declarative memory

Answer 18

Memory for facts, events, personal info etc

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

Two neurons join together. Info sent by electronic signals. Not touching but releases chemicals (neurotransmitter)

Question 20

Long term potentiation LTP

Answer 20

The increase of strength of nerve impulses/synaptic transition due to experience.

Question 21

Long term depression

Answer 21

Neurons that hardly ever fire together become weakened. Less effective transmition.

Question 22

Neuro genesis

Answer 22

Neurons aka brain cells are produced over the lifetime. In particular locations. Hippocampus and subventricular zone.

Question 23

Theories

Answer 23

Sets of statements devised to explain a collection of facts.

Question 24

Assiciationism

Answer 24

Memory depends if the formation of linkages between pairs of events, sensations, ideas.

Question 25

Empiricism

Answer 25

All the ideas we have are the result from experience

Question 26

Nativism

Answer 26

Bulk of our knowledge is inborn

Question 27

Dualism

Answer 27

Mind and body exist as separate entities

Question 28

Evolution

Answer 28

Theory that species change over time, with new traits or characteristics emerging and being passed from one generation to the next.

Question 29

Natural selection

Answer 29

Species evolve when they posses a trait that meets 3 conditions: in heritability, natural variability, relevance to survival.

Question 30

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 30

Learning has enormous value for survival allowing organisms to adapt to a changing and variable world.

Question 31

Subject bias

Answer 31

Participants can influence the results of a study. Knowing which variables are being manipulated.

Question 32

Blind design

Answer 32

Participant does not know the hypothesis tested or variables manipulated.

Question 33

Experimenter bias

Answer 33

Experimenter can influence the outcome

Question 34

Double-blind design

Answer 34

Neither experimenter or participant knows the hypothesis tested. I.e placebo medications given

Question 35

Extinction

Answer 35

In classical conditioning. Salivation to the bell gradually decreased as the animal learned that the cell no longer predicted food.

Question 36

Gereralization

Answer 36

Ability to transfer past learning to novel events and problems.

Question 37

Stimulus-response learning (skinner)

Answer 37

Motor-habit responses.

Question 38

Tolman’s cognitive map

Answer 38

Internal psychological representation of the spartial layout of the external world.

Question 39

Tolman’s latent learning

Answer 39

Learning takes place even when there is no motivation to obtain or avoid consequence. Natural part of everyday life.

Question 40

Acquired savant syndrome

Answer 40

Gain prodigious memory from a brain injury

Question 41

Phrenology

Answer 41

Gall’s skull mapping via measuring size and shape.

Question 42

Neuropsychology

Answer 42

Deals with brain function and behaviour