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Pulm Block > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the neuromuscular bundle runs _______ the rib in the _______________

A

below, costal groove

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2
Q

there are ____ “true ribs”, _____ “false ribs”, and ____ “Floating ribs”

A

7, 3, 2

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3
Q

function of the external intercostal muscles

A

elevate the ribs, inspiration

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4
Q

the neuromuscular bundle runs between what two sets of muscles?

A

the innermost intercostals and the internal intercostals

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5
Q

the thoracic wall receives blood supply from two sources: Posteriorly, the __________ gives off ______________ Anteriorly, the ___________ gives off ____________

A

thoracic aorta –> posterior intercostals L/R subclavian –> internal thoracic –> anterior intercostals

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6
Q

at the costal margin, the internal thoracic bifurcates into two terminal branches:

A

superior epigastric artery musculophrenic artery

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7
Q

the anterior intercostal arteries come off of the ________________

A

internal thoracic arteries

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

order of the components of the neurovascular bundle below the ribs:

A

vein

artery

nerve (LEAST protected by rib)

lymphatic

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

what are the three recesses in the pleura that allow for expansion of the lungs?

A

costomediastinal recess (heart)

left/right costodiaphragmatic recesses

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12
Q

both lungs have an __________ fissure. It originates posteriorly at the level of the ______ thoracic vertebrae and ends anteriorly at the level of the ____ rib

A

oblique

4th

6th

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13
Q

both lungs have an _______ fissure, but the right lung also has a _________ fissure (originates from the _________ ________, goes to the ____ rib_

A

oblique

horizontal (oblique to 4th rib)

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

the ________ main stem bronchi is more vertical and wider

A

right

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16
Q

the R/L mainstem bronchi –> _______ bronchi –> _________ bronchi

A

lobar, segmental (tertiary)

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17
Q

the area of lung supplied by a segmental bronchus is a ________________

A

bronchopulmonary segment

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

airways with cartilage are called ______

airways without cartilage are called _______

A

bronchi

bronchioles

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20
Q

the pulmonary veins/arteries carry most of the ______________.

The _________ arteries supply the actual lung parenchyma.

A

cardiac output

bronchial arteries (off the aorta)

21
Q
A
22
Q

THE MOST ANTERIOR AND INFERIOR STRUCTURES AT THE HILUS OF THE LUNG ARE THE ____________________

A

PULMONARY VEINS

23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q

what major structures are in the superior mediastinum?

(in order of front to back)

A

the thymus gland

internal thoracic arteries

brachiocephalic veins

superior vena cava

arch of the aorta

trachea

esophagus

26
Q

what are the three branches off the aortic arch?

A

braciocephalic

left common carotid

right subclavian

27
Q
A
28
Q

note the course

A
29
Q

the thoracic duct is between what two structures?

A

the esophagus and the spine

30
Q
A
31
Q

what is special about the greater thoracic splanchnic nerve?

A

it is preganglionic throughout the sympathetic chain, even though is passes through

32
Q

veins ________ arteries

A

before

33
Q
A
34
Q

the vagus nerve is _________ to the root of the lungs and the phrenic nerve is __________ to the root of the lungs

A

posterior

anterior

35
Q

the phrenic nerves runs along the _________ on the right side and the _________ on the left (vessels)

A

superior vena cava

left common carotid

36
Q

what does the anterior mediastinum contain?

A

remnants of the thymus gland and the internal thoracic arteries

37
Q

order these in anatomical location:

trachea, arteries, veins, esophagus

A

veins

arteries

trachea

esophagus

38
Q

Failure of _____________ membrane to fuse can create congenital diaphragmatic hernia and compromise lung development

A

Pleuroperitoneal

39
Q

what are the 4 things that make the diaphragm

A

pleuroperitoneal membranes

septum transversum

body wall

dorsal mesentary

40
Q

define ventilation

A

volume of gas exchanged per unit time

41
Q

equation for minute ventilation

A

V’E = RR x VT

42
Q

what are the two types of physiologic dead space?

A

anatomic dead space (conducting airways)

physiologic dead space (non-perfused alveoli)

43
Q

volume of air inspired from end of tidal volume to total lung capacity:

A

insipratory reserve volume (IRV)

44
Q

what we can exhale from the end of the tidal volume to the residual volume:

A

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

45
Q

volume of gas left in lung after complexe exhalation:

A

residual volume (RV)

46
Q

if you ask someone to inspire and expire completely, the amount expired is called:

(from TLC to RV)

A

vital capacity (VC)

47
Q

volume of gas left in lung after tidal exhale (normal breath):

A

functional residual capacity (FRC)

48
Q

amount we can inspire from the the FRC to TLC:

(from the exhalation of a tidal breath to the TLC)

A

inspiratory capacity (IC)

Pulm Block (1 decks)

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