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Dermatology > week 1 > Flashcards

week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1) FLAT LESIONS (usually in the plane of the skin): 5

A
  1. Macule: flat discoloration < 0.5 cm diameter
  2. Patch: flat discoloration > 0.5 cm diameter
  3. Purpura: a circumscribed deposit of blood > 0.5 cm diameter.
  4. Infarct: an area of necrosis resulting from a sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply.
  5. Telangiectasia: dilated superficial blood vessels
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2
Q

FLAT LESIONS

Macule:

A

Macule: a circumscribed (circumscribed=bounded or limited; confined to a limited space), flat discoloration < 0.5 cm diameter

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3
Q

FLAT LESIONS

Patch:

A

Patch: a circumscribed, flat discoloration > 0.5 cm diameter

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4
Q

FLAT LESIONS

Purpura:

A

Purpura: a circumscribed deposit of blood > 0.5 cm diameter.

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5
Q

FLAT LESIONS

Infarct:

A

Infarct: an area of necrosis resulting from a sudden insufficiency of arterial or venous blood supply.

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6
Q

FLAT LESIONS

Telangiectasia:

A

Telangiectasia: dilated superficial blood vessels

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7
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
1. Papule:
A
  1. Papule: a palpable lesion up to 0.5 cm diameter
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8
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
2. Plaque:
A
  1. Plaque: a circumscribed (Limited in space, well localized), palpable, solid lesion more than 0.5 cm diameter often formed by the confluence of papules
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9
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
3. Nodule:
A
  1. Nodule: a circumscribed, often round, solid lesion more than 0.5 cm in diameter, Usually firmer & deeper than a papule or plaque
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10
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
4. Wheal:
A
  1. Wheal: a transient, firm, edematous papule or plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid
    * *Can be round, gyrate, or irregular…changing rapidly in size and shape due to shifting edema in the dermis.**
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11
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
5. Papilloma:
A
  1. Papilloma: a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous (hair-like or arborescent (dendritic outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells)
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12
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
6. Vesicle:
A
  1. Vesicle: a circumscribed collection of free fluid up to 0.5 cm in diameter. Often the walls are so thin that they are translucent, and the serum, lymph fluid blood or extracellular fluid can be seen.
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13
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
7. Bulla:
A
  1. Bulla: a circumscribed collection of free fluid greater than 0.5 cm in diameter
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14
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
8. Pustule:
A
  1. Pustule: a circumscribed collection of leukocytes and free fluid (purulent exudate) that varies in size. It can be white, yellow, greenish yellow or hemorrhagic. May arise from a hair follicle or independently.
    * *(Superficial elevated lesion containing pus within or beneath the epidermis)**
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15
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
9. Abscess:
A
  1. Abscess: a circumscribed collection of pus appearing in acute or chronic localized infection, and associated with tissue destruction and frequently with swelling.
    Abscesses may arise in any organ or structure. Abscesses that present on the skin arise in the dermis, subcutaneous fat, muscle, or a variety of deeper structures. A well-formed abscess is characterized by fluctuance of the central portion of the lesion.
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16
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
10. Cyst:
A
  1. Cyst: an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material, with a membranous lining
    Fitzpatrick: true mucocutaneous cyst is a closed sac lined by epidermally or adnexally derived epithelium and filled with a liquid or semisolid material derived from that epithelium; various pseudocysts occur within the dermis and are not epithelial-ined. Ex. Epidermoid cyst: malodorous.
17
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
11. Exudate:
A
  1. Exudate: crusts or scabs (a collection of dried serum and cellular debris)
18
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
12. Scales:
A
  1. Scales: small, thin flakes or compacted plate-like structures of epithelium resembling a fish scale being cast off from the skin
19
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
13. Scar:
A
  1. Scar: an abnormal formation of connective tissue implying dermal damage secondary to injury or surgery. Initially thick and pink but with time become white and atrophic.
20
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
14. Lichenification:
A
  1. Lichenification: an area of thickened epidermis induced by scratching. The skin lines are accentuated so that the surface looks like a washboard.
21
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
15. Burrow:
A
  1. Burrow: a narrow, elevated tortuous channel produced by a parasite.
22
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
16. Comedone:
A
  1. Comedone: a plug of sebaceous and keratinous material lodged in the opening of a hair follicle. The follicular orifice may be dilated (blackhead) or narrowed (whitehead or closed comedo).
23
Q 
ELEVATED LESIONS (above the plane of the skin)
17. Milia:
A
  1. Milia: a small, superficial keratin cyst with no visible opening.
    Milium (Fitzpatric): 1-2 mm, superficial, white to yellow, keratin-containing epidermal cyst,
24
Q

DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): Atrophy

A

Atrophy: thinning of the epidermis or dermis

25
Q

DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): Sclerosis

A

Sclerosis: induration (hardness or firmness caused by chronic inflammation).

26
Q

DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): Erosion

A

Erosion: a focal loss of epidermis that does not penetrate the dermoepidermal junction and therefore heals without scarring

27
Q

DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): Excoriation:

A

Excoriation: an erosion (often linear caused by scratching)

28
Q

DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): Fissure

A

Fissure: a linear loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined, nearly vertical walls

29
Q 
DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin): 
Ulcer
A

Ulcer: a focal loss of epidermis and dermis that heals with scarring

30
Q 
DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin):
Sinus:
A

Sinus: a fistula or tract leading to a suppurating cavity

Pilonidal Cysts:
Infection occurs most often in males, age 16 to 30
Predisposing factors
Men
Dark-skin
Hirsutism
Pathophysiology
Pit forms at skin disruption in gluteal fold
Pit plugs with hair and keratin
Abscess forms when drainage of pit is blocked

Symptoms:
Pain in gluteal fold
No systemic symptoms
Signs
Midline tender swelling in gluteal fold over coccyx
Management
Incision and Drainage under Local Anesthesia
Consider surgical referral for cyst and sinus excision

31
Q 
DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin):
Pilonidal Cysts
A

Pilonidal Cysts
A pilonidal cyst or sinus generally develops near the top of the crease of the buttock.
The word “pilonidal” means nest of hairs, as many times the cysts contain hair.
What causes a pilonidal cyst or sinus?
Hairs puncture the skin to initiate formation of a cyst.
This occurs from the natural rolling movement of the buttocks and is worsened by the pressure of sitting,
friction of walking, and the accumulation of sweat. Initially, the cyst or sinus may be painless.
It can become inflamed, swollen, painful, and discharge pus or blood (an abscess).
The individual may generally feel unwell or, less commonly, develop a fever.
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32
Q 
DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin):
Gangrene:
A

Gangrene: necrosis due to obstruction, loss or diminution of blood supply.

33
Q 
DEPRESSED LESIONS (below the plane of the skin):
Sphacelus:
A

Sphacelus: a mass of sloughing, gangrenous, or necrotic matter.
Could be secondary to diabetes or sickle cell anemia

Dermatology (1 decks)

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