Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of physiological effects of drugs administered. Drugs may be synthesized or purified for clinical use based on numerous trials and experiments
Best understood through principles and mechanism of actions.

A

pharmacology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bind to receptors to produce a biological effect. may either enhance, modify or block an actions of organ.

A

drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of receptors?

examples: GABA, nicotinic receptors

A

Transmembrane:

Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of receptors?

Calcium, Na, K channels

A

Transmembrane:

Voltage-gated ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Seven-transmembrane (7TM) (Heptahelical) receptors

A

1) Imaginary polypeptide chain traverses the membrane to deliver the effect.
2) G-protein system, Second messenger system, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Examples of Enzyme Linked receptors?

A

1) Tyrosine kinase receptor family

2) Guanyl cyclase family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of receptors?

Similar to 7TM but intracellular response to stimulation involves enzymatic actions.

A

Enzyme- linked receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of receptors?
Commonly utilized by hormones (TSH, Progesterone, testosterone, etc)

Binding of these hormone with the intracellular organelles results to a complex sequence of events, eventually, to a physiological response.

A

Intracellular (nuclear) receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the 4 properties of drug actions.

A

Dose-response relationship

Selectivity

Potency

Efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

drug characteristic where it exhibits higher affinity to one receptor than other (slightly similar) receptor.

A

selectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

characteristic of drugs where dose (or plasma concentration) of a medication correlates predictably with biological response.

A

dose-response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

drug characteristic expressing its strength of affinity to a receptor

A

potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

drug characteristic that produce the ultimate response with lowest dose.

A

efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs that binds to receptors and potentiates maximum effect

A

agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs that bind to receptors and changes to structure of the receptor leads to peak response

A

agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 important characteristics of agonists

A

1) Affinity to receptors

2) Intrinsic activity to receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Frequently called as “blockers” as it reduces the action of involved receptors

A

Antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 types of Antagonists

A

Competitive and Non-competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of antagonist?

Reversible binding to receptors by disabling agonist drugs ability to bind

A

competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of antagonist?
Irreversible binding to receptors resulting to prevention of agonist-receptor coupling or prevents receptors from chemically responding.

A

non-competitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drugs that are incapable of produce maximum effect even with full occupation of receptors

A

partial agonists

22
Q

What type of drugs?

1) Moderate response is due to low intrinsic activity properties
2) Have both agonist and antagonistic traits

A

partial agonists

23
Q

Decline from maximum response due to repetitive exposure to the same drug

A

drug tolerance

24
Q

4 processes of the Pharmacokinetic Phase

*remember ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

25
Q

What kind of phase?

Applies to oral medications where it is converted to a solution to enable passage across a membrane

A

Pharmaceutic Phase

26
Q

2 steps of the pharmaceutic phase

A
  1. disintegration

2. dissolution

27
Q

Define disintegration:

A

Breaking down of tablets or capsule into smaller fragments

28
Q

Define dissolution:

A

Liquification of the smaller fragmented drugs prior to absorption

29
Q

Pharmacokinetic Phase:

A

Is the movement of dissolved drugs into the systemic circulation to produce an effect

30
Q

Which process?

Is the movement of drug particles from the gastrointestinal tract into the cells.

A

absorption

31
Q

3 mechanisms of Pharmacokinetic Phase: Absorption

A
  1. Passive absorption= diffusion
  2. Active absorption=requires carrier (enzyme, protein)
  3. Pinocytosis= engulfment of drug particles
32
Q

the process where drug particles are delivered from blood to target tissues

A

distribution

33
Q

process of breaking down (most) drug particles to inactive form

A

metabolism

34
Q

What are the common organs for metabolism?

A

Liver, kidneys, GI tract

**liver primary

35
Q

process that requires elimination of drug particles and by-products thru different organ systems.

which organ is the major part of elimination?

A

excretion

kidney

36
Q

the study of drug concentration and body’s response

A

Pharmacodynamics

37
Q

Time needed to produce minimum effect concentration (MEC) after drug administration

A

Onset of Action

38
Q

Drug effect when concentration in blood is highest

A

Peak action

39
Q

Length of time a drug will produce a pharmacologic effect

A

Duration of Action

40
Q

Evaluates a drugs based on Onset of Action, Peak of Action and Duration of Action

A

Evaluates a drugs based on Onset of Action, Peak of Action and Duration of Action

41
Q

boundary between the therapeutic effective dose (ED) and lethal dose (LD).

Whats the formula?

A

Therapeutic Index (TI)

TI=LD/ED

42
Q
  1. Lowest drug plasma at a given time

2. Drug level is measured before next dose is administered

A

Trough drug level

43
Q
  1. Highest drug plasma level at a given time

2. Drug level is measured after administration of the drug over time

A

Peak drug level

44
Q

An initial higher dose given to achieve immediate minimum effective plasma level of drug.
Also, usually followed by regular dosing

A

Loading dose

45
Q

Three common loading dose?

A

Phenytoin
Levetiracetam
Digitalis

46
Q

Physiologic manifestations unrelated to the intended drug action/s.

A

Side effects

47
Q

More severe physiologic reaction/s than side-effects

Must be documented and patients may need to switch to another drug

A

Adverse Effects

48
Q

Occurs when plasma drug is above therapeutic level

A

Toxic Effects

49
Q

Common drugs with tachyphylaxis?

A

Barbiturates
Psychotropic drugs
Narcotic opioids

50
Q

Percentage of drug in the systemic circulation after first-pass effect

A

Bioavailability

Pharmacology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions