Week 1: BLS

Question 1

Why does Brad make these cards and share them freely with us?

Answer 1

because he hope you all become amazing PAs and we’re in this together!

Question 2

A 53-year-old man suddenly collapses and becomes unresponsive. You witness him collapse and are the first rescuer to arrive at the scene. You find him lying motionless on the floor.

1. Which is the first action you should take in this situation?
   a. Activate the emergency response system
   b. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
   c. Start providing rescue breaths
   d. Verify that the scene is safe for you and the victim

Answer 2

D

Scene safety is #1

Question 3

2. The man doesn’t respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, “Are you OK?” What is your best next action?
   a. Check his pulse
   b. Start high-quality CPR
   c. Start providing rescue breaths
   d. Shout for nearby help

Answer 3

D

Scene safety and then call for help!

Question 4

3. Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making “snorting” sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your best next action?
   a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions
   b. Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives
   c. Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
   d. Find someone to help by retrieving the nearest AED

Answer 4

A

No pulse–> CPR

Question 5

4. What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult?
   a. 10 compressions to 2 breaths
   b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths
   c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths
   d. 100 compressions to 2 breaths

Answer 5

C

30:2

Question 6

5. What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult?
   a. A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute and a depth of about 1 inch
   b. A rate of 80 to 100 compressions per minute and a depth of about 1½ inches
   c. A rate of 120 to 140 compressions per minute and a depth of about 2½ inches
   d. A rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches

Answer 6

D

100-120 BPM, 2”

Question 7

6. What action should you take when more rescuers arrive?
   a. Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes or more frequently if needed to avoid fatigue
   b. Continue CPR while the AED is attached even if you are fatigued
   c. Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team
   d. Direct the team to assign a team leader and roles while you continue CPR

Answer 7

A

since you started the code, you assign the roles,

switch q2m

Question 8

7. If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway?
   a. Head tilt–chin lift
   b. Jaw thrust
   c. Head tilt–neck lift
   d. Avoid opening the airway

Answer 8

B Jaw Thrust

alternative to head-tilt, clin-lift.

If a head or neck injury is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver to reduce neck and spine movement. Switch to a head tilt–chin lift maneuver if the jaw thrust does not open the airway.
If multiple rescuers are available, one rescuer can perform a jaw thrust while another rescuer provides breaths with a bag-mask device. The third rescuer will give chest compressions.

Question 9

1. What is the most appropriate first step to take as soon as the AED arrives at the victim’s side?
   a. Power on the AED
   b. Apply the pads
   c. Press the analyze button
   d. Press the shock button

Answer 9

A

TURN ON THE AED FIRST

Question 10

2. Which step is one of the universal steps for operating an AED?
   a. Placing the pads on the victim’s bare chest
   b. Shaving the victim’s hairy chest
   c. Removing the victim from water
   d. Finding the victim’s implanted pacemaker

Answer 10

A

most important for a bare chest

shaving, removing from water or pacemaker are alternatives

Question 11

3. If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken?
   a. Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device
   b. Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device
   c. Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads
   d. Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered

Answer 11

A

dont place it over a pacemaker

Question 12

4. What action should you take when the AED is analyzing the heart rhythm?
   a. Check the pulse
   b. Continue chest compressions
   c. Give rescue breaths only
   d. Stand clear of the victim

Answer 12

D

STAND CLEAR

Question 13

1. What is not an example of an opioid?
   a. Heroin
   b. Hydrocodone
   c. Morphine
   d. Naloxone

Answer 13

D

naloxone aka narcan

Question 14

2. Your 27-year-old roommate uses opioids. You find him unresponsive with no breathing, but a strong pulse. You suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A friend is phoning 9-1-1 and is looking for the naloxone autoinjector. What action should you take?
   a. Remain with your roommate until the naloxone arrives and administer it immediately
   b. Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
   c. Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds
   d. Provide rapid defibrillation with an AED

Answer 14

C

He has a pulse so only need to do rescue breathing

Question 15

3. You encounter an unresponsive 56-year-old man who has been taking hydrocodone after a surgical procedure. He is not breathing and has no pulse. You notice that
   his medication bottle is empty. You suspect an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. A colleague activates the emergency response system and is retrieving the AED and naloxone. What is the most appropriate action for you to take next?
   a. Wait for the naloxone to arrive before doing anything
   b. Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
   c. Provide 1 rescue breath every 5 to 6 seconds until naloxone arrives
   d. Provide rapid defibrillation with the AED

Answer 15

B

no pulse –> CPR

Question 16

1. Which is an example of a mild foreign-body airway obstruction?
   a. Cyanosis (turning blue)
   b. High-pitched noise while inhaling
   c. Inability to speak or cry
   d. Wheezing between coughs

Answer 16

D, all others are severe airwy obstruction

• Good air exchange
• Can cough forcefully
• May wheeze between coughs
• As long as good air exchange continues, encourage the victim to continue coughing.
• Do not interfere with the victim’s own attempts to relieve the obstruction, but stay with the victim and monitor the condition.
• If mild airway obstruction continues or progresses to signs of severe airway obstruction, activate the emergency response system.

severe = choking sign, cant speak, cry, no air exchange, HIGH pitched noise while inhaling, cyanosis

Question 17

2. Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts?
   a. An average-size 27-year-old man
   b. A woman who is obviously pregnant
   c. An obese 50-year-old man
   d. An average-size 9-month-old infant

Answer 17

A

abdominal thrusts aka Heimlich maneuver

Use abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) to relieve choking in a responsive adult or child. Do not use abdominal thrusts to relieve choking in an infant.
Give each individual thrust with the intention of relieving the obstruction. It may be necessary to repeat the thrust several times to clear the airway.

If the victim is pregnant or obese, perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts

Question 18

3. You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9-year-old child when he suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for nearby help, what is the most appropriate action to take next?
   a. Begin high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions
   b. Check for a pulse
   c. Continue performing abdominal thrusts
   d. Provide 5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts

Answer 18

A

unresponsive –> CPR