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DRG1004 > Week 1 - Hands & Finger > Flashcards

Week 1 - Hands & Finger Flashcards

1
Q

what fractures are associated with base of 1st metacarpal

A

bennett & rolando fractures

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2
Q

what are common fractures in children

A

Torus/buckle fracture
Greenstick fracture

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3
Q

who are more susceptible to fractures due to osteoporosis

A

menopausal patients

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4
Q

what are finger fracture examples

A

mallet finger
boutonniere deformity
volar plate fracture

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5
Q

what are thumb fracture examples

A

gamekeeper/skier’s thumb
bennet’s fracture
rolando’s fracture

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6
Q

what is the KRF of mallet finger

A

forced hyperflexion of distal phalanx (distal inter-phalangeal joint)

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7
Q

how does mallet finger occur

A
  • lateral extensor tendon tear slip/rupture
  • avulsion injury (bone where tendon connects to)
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8
Q

what is the KRF of boutonniere deformity

A

hyperextension of DIP
flexed PIP

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9
Q

how does boutonniere deformity occur

A

central band of extensor tendon tear

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10
Q

what is associated with volar plate fracture

A

avulsion fragment

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11
Q

how does gamekeeper’s or skier’s thumb occur

A

ulnar collateral ligament of thumb injured

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12
Q

what are bennett & rolando fractures

A

intra-articular fracture of base of 1st metacarpal

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13
Q

what causes bennett & rolando fractures

A

trauma due to hitting something hard or falling onto hand with thumb sticking out

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14
Q

what is the difference between bennett & rolando fracture

A

bennett = transverse fracture, small fragment of 1st metacarpal still articulates with trapezium

rolando = communited fracture, harder to reduce/worse than bennett

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15
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for hand dorsi-palmar projection

A

3rd MCP joint

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16
Q

what is the collimation for hand dorsi-palmar projection

A

upper = tip of middle finger distal phalanx
side = lateral soft tissue margins of thumb & little finger
lower = distal 3rd of radius & ulna

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17
Q

what is the angle for hand dorsi-palmar oblique projection

A

30 degrees via positioning pad

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18
Q

what is the collimation for hand dorsi-palmar oblique projection

A

upper = tip of middle finger distal phalanx
side = lateral soft tissue margins of thumb & little finger
lower = distal radius & ulna

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19
Q

what is the exposure adjustment for hand lateral projection

A

52kVp on 2.5 mAs

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20
Q

when is hand lateral projection done

A

To rule out foreign body or evaluate degree of fracture displacement

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21
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for hand dorsi-palmar oblique projection

A

2nd MCP joint

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22
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for hand lateral projection

A

2nd MCP joint

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23
Q

what is the collimation for hand lateral projection

A

upper = tip of middle finger distal phalanx
side = lateral soft tissue margins of thumb & dorsum of hand
lower = distal radius & ulna

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24
Q

what is the ideal position for DP hand

A
  • same midshaft concavity on phalangeal & metacarpal sides of 2nd - 5th digits
  • thumb in 45 degrees oblique position
  • IP & MCP joints seen
  • no foreshortening
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25
Q

what is the ideal area for DP hand

A
  • soft tissue surrounding hand seen
  • phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, ~2.5cm of distal radius & ulna seen
26
Q

what is the ideal position of DP Oblique hand

A
  • 1st & 2nd metacarpal heads not superimposed; 3rd - 5th metacarpal heads slightly superimposed
  • metacarpal midshafts of 2nd - 5th shows more concavity on one side compared to other end
27
Q

what is the ideal area for DP oblique hand

A
  • soft tissue surrounding hand seen
  • phalanges, metacarpals, carpals, ~2.5cm of distal radius & ulna seen
28
Q

what is the ideal position for lateral hand

A
  • thumb shown w/o superimposition of other digits
  • 2nd - 5th metacarpals are superimposed
  • 2nd - 5th digits shown w/ superimposition of proximal bony & soft tissue structures
29
Q

how does one position their thumb for lateral projection

A

internally rotate forearm till lateral aspect of thumb touches IR

30
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for thumb lateral projection

A

1st MCP joint perpendicular to IR

31
Q

what is the collimation for thumb lateral projection

A

upper = tip of first distal phalanx
side = dorsal & palmar soft tissue margins of thumb
lower = 1st CMC joint (wrist)

32
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for thumb PA projection

A

base of thumb perpendicular to IR

33
Q

what is the collimation for thumb AP projection

A

upper = tip of first distal phalanx
side = soft tissue margins of thumb
lower = 1st CMC joint (wrist)

34
Q

where should the vertical central ray be positioned for thumb AP projection

A

1st MCP joint perpendicular to IR

35
Q

what is the ideal position of lateral thumb

A
  • palmar aspect of proximal phalanx & metacarpal show mid-shaft concavity
  • dorsal aspect of same phalanx & metacarpal show slight convexity
  • slight superimposition of proximal 1st metacarpal on 2nd metacarpal
36
Q

what is the ideal area of lateral thumb

A
  • distal phalanx of thumb to CMC joint seen
  • part of 2nd metacarpal seen
  • soft tissue margin included
37
Q

what is the ideal position of AP thumb

A
  • Equal soft tissue width & concavity on phalangeal & metacarpal midhsaft sides of thumb
  • minimal superimposition of soft tissue over proximal first metacarpal & CMC joint
  • IP & MCP joints seen
38
Q

what is the ideal area of AP thumb

A

distal & proximal phalanges, metacarpal, CMC joint of thumb seen

39
Q

how does one position their index finger for lateral projection

A

internally rotate forearm till lateral aspect of index finger touches IR

40
Q

where is the vertical central positioned for finger PA & lateral projection

A

proximal IP joint of affected finger

41
Q

what is the collimation of lateral finger projection

A

upper = tip of distal phalanx of affected finger
side = palmar & dorsal soft tissue margins of affected finger
lower = MCP joint of affected finger

42
Q

what is the ideal position of PA fingers

A
  • equal soft tissue width & mid-shaft concavity of phalanges sides
  • IP & MCP joints seen
  • soft tissues of adjacent fingers don’t overlap
43
Q

what is the ideal area of PA fingers

A
  • distal, middle, proximal phalanges & distal 3rd of metacarpal seen
  • thumb or little finger for identification
44
Q

what is the ideal position of lateral fingers

A
  • palmar aspect of middle & proximal phalanges show mid-shaft concavity
  • dorsal aspect of phalanges show slight convexity
45
Q

what is the ideal area of lateral fingers

A

distal, middle, proximal phalanges & metacarpal head seen

46
Q

what is the ideal collimation for all projections

A

bone trabecular patterns & cortical lines of phalanges, metacarpals, carpals can be seen

47
Q

when periosteum surrounding bone is stimulated/injured, what happens

A

periosteal reaction occurs = forms new bone

48
Q

what is Boxer’s fracture

A

5th metacarpal bone (near knuckle) fracture

49
Q

OA

A

Osteoarthritis

50
Q

RA

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

51
Q

M & R

A

manipulation & reduction

52
Q

#

A

fracture

53
Q

what carpal bones are prone to fracture

A

scaphoid, triquetral, hamate

54
Q

what is AVN lunate

A

Kienboch disease

55
Q

what is the kVp, mAs, SID used for hand, finger & thumbs

A

44 - 50 kVp
1.5 - 3.2 mAs
100 cm SID

56
Q

what is sacroidosis in the fingers

A
  • inflammatory disease that affects many organs (mainly lungs & lymph glands)
  • abnormal masses consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of body
57
Q

what is avascular necrosis

A

death of bone tissue due to lack of blood supply

58
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease of the joints

59
Q

what radiographic projections are used for rheumatoid arthritis

A

DP + ball catcher

60
Q

what are used for double patient identifier

A

NRIC, name, DOB, Date & Time of examination

61
Q

what is the room prep for hand, wrist, forearm, elbow

A
  • kVp = 44 - 50
  • mAs = 1.5 - 3.2
  • focal spot size = fine/small
  • SID = 100 cm

DRG1004 (12 decks)

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