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Acute Psych > Week 1 - Neurotransmitters, developmental theories (general), other general > Flashcards

Week 1 - Neurotransmitters, developmental theories (general), other general Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of mental illness

A

A disturbance in thoughts or mood that cause maladaptive behavior, inability to cope with normal stresses, and or impaired functioning

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2
Q

What type of model is used for community mental health nursing?

A

Public Health Model

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3
Q

Public Health model - primary prevention

A

Services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within a population

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4
Q

Primary prevention examples

A

Teach stress reduction, parenting skills to prospective parents, physical and psychosocial effects of alcohol/drugs to elementary school students

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5
Q

Public Health model - secondary prevention

A

Interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and directed toward reducing the prevalence and duration of the illness

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6
Q

Secondary prevention examples

A

PHQ-2 depression screening, ongoing assessment of high risk individuals, identify at risk individuals

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7
Q

Public Health model - tertiary prevention

A

Services aimed at reducing the severity, discomfort or disability of a disorder - aka rehab

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8
Q

Tertiary prevention examples

A

Rehab, teaching daily living skills, monitoring effective of aftercare services

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9
Q

Therapeutic use of self

A

Ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing interventions

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10
Q

Therapeutic use of self requires _______

A

Self awareness

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11
Q

5 essential conditions to develop a therapeutic relationship

A
  • Rapport
  • Trust/confidentiality
  • Respect
  • Genuineness
  • Empathy
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12
Q

4 major categories of neurotransmitters implicated in psychiatry

A
  • Cholinergic
  • Monamines
  • Amino acids
  • Neuropeptides
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13
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and our body

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14
Q

What kind of chemicals are neurotransmitters?

A

Endoginous - made within our body

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15
Q

Cholinergic example

A

Acetylcholine

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16
Q

Acetylcholine - location

A

ANS - autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

Acetylcholine - function (5)

A

Implicated in: CAMPS

  • coordination of movement
  • arousal
  • modulation and memory
  • pain perception
  • sleep
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18
Q

Acetylcholine - possible implications (3)

A

Parkinsons, Hungtingtons, Alzheimers

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19
Q

Levels of Acetylcholine transmission _______ in depression

A

Increased transmutation in depression

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20
Q

3 types of Monamine neurotransmitters

A

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

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21
Q

Norepinephrine - category, locations

A

Monamine

ANS, CNS

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22
Q

Norepinephrine functions (6)

A

Regulation of: MAPS CC

  • Mood
  • Arousal
  • Perception
  • Sleep
  • Cognition
  • Cardiovascular functioning
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23
Q

Norepinephrine is increase in…. (3)

A

Mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia

24
Q

Norepinephrine is decreased in…

A

Depression

25
Q

Dopamine - category

A

Monamine

26
Q

Dopamine - functions (4)

A

Regulation of: PrMed

  • Pain and pleasure Reward centers
  • Movement and coordination
  • Emotions
  • Decision making
27
Q

Dopamine is deceased in

A

Depression and Parkinsons

28
Q

Dopamine is increased in

A

Mania

29
Q

Dopamine is dysregulated in

A

Schizophrenia

30
Q

Serotonin - category, locations

A

Monamine

Diffusely distributed throughout the body and CNS

31
Q

Serotonin - functions (8)

A

LAMA CAPS

  • Libido
  • Arousal
  • Mood
  • Appetite
  • Cognition
  • Aggression
  • Pain perception
  • Sleep
32
Q

Where are there high concentrations of serotonin?

A

GI tract - implicated in the nausea associated with SSRIs

33
Q

Why are GI problem side effects with serotonin?

A

There are many receptors in the gut

34
Q

Serotonin has increased levels with

A

Mania

35
Q

Serotonin has decreased levels in

A

Depression

36
Q

Serotonin is dysregulated in

A

Anxiety

37
Q

2 examples of Amino Acids

A

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Glutamate

38
Q

GABA is _____ where as Glutamate is ______

A

GABA: inhibitory
Glutamate: excitatory

39
Q

GABA - category, location

A

Amino acid, wide spread in the CNS

40
Q

GABA - function

A

Interrupts the progression of electrical impulse at the synaptic junction (slows down body activity)

41
Q

Decreased levels of GABA in… (3)

A

Anxiety, movement disorders, epilepsy

42
Q

Glutamate - category, locations (3)

A

Amino acid

Pyramidal cells in the cortex, cerebellum, and primary sensory afferent systems

43
Q

Glutamate functions

A
  • Relay of sensory info

- Regulation of motor and spinal reflexes

44
Q

Glutamate implications (2)

A
  • Etiology of certain neurogenerative disorders

- Schizophrenia

45
Q

Neuropeptide examples (2)

A

Endorphins

Enkephalins

46
Q

Endorphins and enkephalins are what types of peptides?

A

Opioid peptides

47
Q

Endorphins and Enkephalins - locations (6)

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Limbic structures
  • Midbrain
  • Brainstem
  • GI tract (Enkephalins)
48
Q

Endorphins and Enkephalins - functions (2)

A

Pain modulation, pleasure

49
Q

Endorphins and Enkephalins - implications (2)

A

Addictions, schizophrenia

50
Q

Developmental theories define

A

What is appropriate or inappropriate at each developmental level

51
Q

According to developmental theories, individuals pass through

A

stages

52
Q

Psychoanalysis theorist

A

Freud

53
Q

Psychosocial development theory

A

Erikson

54
Q

Behavioral development theory

A

Watson

55
Q

Social learning theory

A

Bandura

56
Q

Cognitive development theory

A

Piaget

Acute Psych (15 decks)

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