Week 10

Question 1

End goal of using a measurement tool is..

Answer 1

generate scores that can be used to:
- report information
-compare data across conditions and people
-determine individual-level change
-effect of group-level aggregate information

Question 2

What should we ensure when scoring?

Answer 2

-ensure accurate calculation and ethical and appropriate interpretation
-scores alone dont tell the whole story, we must interpret them
-What does the score mean and the implication on functioning?

Question 3

Psychometric properties of _____ provide evidence for the ways scores can be used

Answer 3

assessments

Question 4

Giving meaning to the scores is our ______

Answer 4

interpretation

Question 5

What is the goal of scoring?

Answer 5

transform observed or self-reported performance on a test into an accurate, meaningful, and defensible interpretation that can contribute to clinical reasoning and provide objective assessment data for…
-problem solving
-intervention
-discharge planning
-communication with team
-communication with payers

Question 6

What is the scoring process?

Answer 6

1. Systematic and structured observation or questioning (e.g., performance or via self-report)
2. Follow Scoring rules and response scales
3. Raw Score: Original unaltered scores
4. Obtained scores (also know as derived or converted scores)
   - Percentiles, standards scores, etc.
   - Takes into account normative data
   - Refer to manuals for conversion or transformational tables and charts
5. Interpret scores in context to support claims based on scores
   - Refer to manual to assist with score interpretation

Question 7

Measures of Central Tendency

Answer 7

Mean: average value, most preferred but greatly affected by extreme scores
Median: the mid-point divides the population in half
Mode: most frequent occurring score

Question 8

Normal curve and distribution

Answer 8

-specific type of bell- shaped curve that illustrates normal distribution
-constant and predictable for statistical purposes

Question 9

Variability

Answer 9

-the spread of scores around a measure of central tendency
-standard deviation: the square root of the variance- accompanies the mean
-powerful statistic: influenced by all scores on the data
-range: easiest to calculate, subtract lowest score from the highest score (min-max)

Question 10

Types of Scoring

Answer 10

-hand scoring: ensure adequate time, ensure you are following procedures for scoring stated within the manuel
-computer based scoring: enter information into a website or downloadable software, computer adaptive tests (items administered based upon client responses, makes the assessment highly relevant to the client)

Question 11

Norm Referenced

Answer 11

-comparing client to well-defined group normative group
-norms generate by large scale test administration
-published in literature and test manual which can assist with interpretation

Question 12

Criterion Referenced

Answer 12

-compare clients scores to a predetermined set of criteria
-normal curve and distribution do not apply

Question 13

Converted scores

Answer 13

-scores with the same mean and SD that allow comparison across individuals
-standard scores, scaled scores, obtained scores
-standard score is the weighted score that takes into account normed data

Question 14

Percentile scores

Answer 14

-cumulative percentage score used with norm-referenced tests
-percentile rank: the relative standing of the client among numbers of the normative group

Question 15

Grade Equivalents

Answer 15

-established by testing normative samples of students at each grade level
-functioning at a 3rd grade level

Question 16

Age Equivalents

Answer 16

-score is compared to norms for specific age and matched to developmental age

Question 17

Subtest Scores

Answer 17

-scores obtained for each subscale of the test

Question 18

Total Score

Answer 18

-overall single score of the test

Question 19

Screening tools

Answer 19

-brief assessment used to identify at-risk individual

Question 20

Cutoff score

Answer 20

-specific score ranges that indicate the potential presence or absence of a disease, condition, or disability

Question 21

Screening tools can be ______ or _______ referenced with converted scores

Answer 21

-norm or criterion
-best to use the standard score when making “high-stakes” decisions

Question 22

Sharing Scores

Answer 22

-develop comfort in obtaining and interpreting scores (be patient with yourself-it takes time and practice)
-understand the needs of the client and determine whether the test provides meaningful information that needs to be shared
-understand the correct use of and value to be placed on the measure (requires self-reflection and clinical practice)

Question 23

Engage clients in the process

Answer 23

-Inform them about the test being administered and the purpose
-Consider context and personal issues that may result in bias
-Administer test in standardized manner Score, interpret & document
-Discuss all with clients and appropriate stakeholders and families
-Gather feedback regarding the test process and results from the client to inform future testing