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NURS 1503U > Week 10: Blood Transfusion & TPN > Flashcards

Week 10: Blood Transfusion & TPN Flashcards

1
Q

What do saline locks do?

A

Gives patients medications, blood products, IV fluid replacement and TPN

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2
Q

What should we do if saint lock is not being assessed or used continuously?

A

Flush it with 2 and a half mL of NS at least twice a day (morning and bedtime)

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3
Q

When should you check patency when giving medications

A

before and after

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4
Q

What is Phlebitis (complication)

A

Inflammation of the vein
red line that follows the vein
warm to touch

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5
Q

How do we treat Phlebitis

A

Discontinue the IV and apply a warm compress

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6
Q

Infiltration (complication)

A

When IV fluid comes out of the vein and infuses into the tissue surrounding that vein

Edema, swelling and cool to touch

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7
Q

How do we treat Infiltration

A

Discontinue the IV and apply a warm compress

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8
Q

Universal recipients

A

AB

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9
Q

Universal donors

A

O

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10
Q

What happens when the mom is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive

A

The mom has to reticence Rhogam by injection at 26-28 weeks and within 72 hours of the birth

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11
Q

Rhogam

A

a medication that prevents the formation of Rh positive antibodies

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12
Q

What happens if the moms immune system sees Rh positive blood cells

A

She will produce Rh positive antibodies
Won’t affect current pregnancy but can affect future ones because the antibodies could destroy the baby’s RBCs

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13
Q

Autologous

A

Collection of patient’s own blood

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14
Q

How is Autologous blood collected and used

A

Used preoperatively
collected up to 5 weeks before a planned surgery

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15
Q

What is the benefit of Autologous blood transfusion

A

Decreases risk if complications such as mismatched blood and exposure to blood-borne infectious agents

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16
Q

Whole blood - Blood product

A

Acute bleeding or hemorrhage

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17
Q

Red blood cells - Blood product

A

Increases oxygen carry capacity
(anemia, surgery, slow bleeding)

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18
Q

Platelets - Blood product

A

Bleeding disorder or platelet deficiency

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19
Q

Plasma - Blood product

A

Expands blood volume
Provides clotting factors
Doesn’t need cross matching

20
Q

Albumin - Blood product

A

Blood volume expander

21
Q

When should blood be obtained from blood bank

A

just before starting the transfusion

22
Q

When should blood be hung?

A

30 mins of accessing from blood bank

23
Q

What gauge IV catheter should we administer blood through for adults?

A

18-22 gauge

24
Q

How long should you stay with the patient?

A

for the first 15 mins and look for any reactions

25
Q

How often should you take vital signs?

A

every 5 mins for the first 15 mins and then 15 mins to 30 mins until the infusion is complete

26
Q

How long do we have to infuse whole blood and packed RBCs

A

4 hours

27
Q

What are indications of reaction?

A

dyspnea, feeling hot, itching, hives/rash, flushed

28
Q

Acute Hemolytic - Type of reaction

A

5- 30 mins

29
Q

Febrile Non-hemolytic - Type of reaction

A

30 mins

30
Q

Allergic - Type of reaction

A

Anytime during or after

31
Q

Anaphylactic - Type of reaction

A

5 - 15 mins

32
Q

What is TPN

A

Administration of nutrients directly into the blood stream

33
Q

Who prepares the PN solution?

A

Pharmacy

34
Q

What is TPN designed for

A

To meet individual needs, meaning lab work needs to be done daily

35
Q

What technique is TPN

A

Strict surgical aseptic technique

36
Q

What happens if there is high glucose in the solution?

A

Increases the risk of infection

37
Q

What kind of solution is used for TPN?

A

Hypertonic

38
Q

Where is TPN injected

A

Only high central veins so that it can dilute by a large volume of blood

39
Q

Because of high glucose what do we do?

A

Start the infusion rate gradually

40
Q

How do we take a patient off TPN?

A

Decrease the rate gradually and it takes up to 48 hours

41
Q

What do new monitor for during TPN

A

Metabolic complications and fluid/electrolyte imbalances

42
Q

How often should we check blood glucose levels

A

every 6 hours

43
Q

How often should we weigh the patient

A

every week

44
Q

What don’t we want to see regarding weight?

A

more than 1.5 kg of weight gain in a week

45
Q

Pneumothorax (complication, TPN)

A

Air in pleural cavity
Chest pain, SOB, decreased O2, Dyspnea
AN EMERGENCY

46
Q

What to do if Pneumothorax (complication, TPN) occurs?

A

Elevate the head of the bed, provide oxygen
and notify the physician immediately

47
Q

Other complications of TPN include

A

Catheter occlusion, Infection and Hyper/Hypo glycemic

NURS 1503U (10 decks)

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