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FINAL - PSYCH335 > Week 11, Ch. 12+13 > Flashcards

Week 11, Ch. 12+13 Flashcards

1
Q

What therapy do we usually begin with, yet it is not readily available?

A

Psychodynamic

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2
Q

Which therapy occurs by interpreting the client’s unconscious processes?

A

Psychodynamic

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3
Q

In Psychodynamic therapy, a client’s unconscious processes are revealed through____________.

A

Transference

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4
Q

If a therapist uses psychodynamic therapy, where would they believe current feelings stem from?

A

Childhood experiences

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5
Q

Which therapy is time intensive?

A

Psychodynamic

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6
Q

Psychodynamic therapy often consists of the following appointment schedule:

A

4 sessions per week for 3-6 years

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7
Q

What is transference?

A

Displaced attitudes / feelings that were originally experienced in relationships in the past, and now are being passed onto therapist

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8
Q

As someone who identifies as a women, I am most likely to project the relationship with my ________ onto my therapist.

A

Mother

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9
Q

What does the following describe: saying whatever comes to mind

A

Free Association

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10
Q

What is countertransference?

A

When the therapist’s feelings are thought to be related to what the client is projecting onto the therapist

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11
Q

When unconscious ideas are repressed + prevented from reaching awareness because they are unacceptable to the consciousness, this is referred to as?

A

Resistance

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12
Q

Patients who experience significant suffering and are motivated to make sacrifices of their time + finances would benefit from which therapy?

A

Psychoanalysis

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13
Q

T/F : Those undergoing psychoanalysis are mainly looking for symptom relief

A

F

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14
Q

A good indication for psychoanalysis would be that the client is able to withstand strong emotions without ________ out.

A

acting

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15
Q

What are the three stages of short-term Psychodynamic therapy?

A
  1. Develop a positive therapeutic relationship
  2. Analyze transference relationship
  3. Terminate therapy
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16
Q

What therapy occurs 1-2 per week for ~16-30 sessions?

A

Short-term Psychodynamic Therapy

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17
Q

Compared to traditional therapists, Psychodynamic therapists are more _______ + challenging.

A

Effective

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18
Q

Short-term Psychodynamic Therapy has the best evidence for which disorder?

A

Depression

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19
Q

The therapy that targets Cluster A+C personality disorders, anxiety, somatoform disorders, and depression is?

A

Short-term Psychodynamic Therapy

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20
Q

What is the most common therapy in Canada?

A

Interpersonal Short-term Psychodynamic Therapy

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21
Q

What 3 things occur in the ‘initial phase’ of Interpersonal Therapy?

A
  1. Assessment
    2.Case formulation
  2. Assignment of ‘sick role’
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22
Q

How many sessions is the ‘initial phase’ of Interpersonal Therapy?

A

1-3

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23
Q

How many sessions is the ‘intermediate phase’ of Interpersonal Therapy?

A

4-12

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24
Q

What 4 interpersonal themes are addressed in the ‘intermediate phase’ of Interpersonal Therapy?

A
  1. Grief
  2. Role disputes
  3. Role transitions
  4. Interpersonal deficits
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25
Q

If the goal is to modify communication and/or change expectations to resolve dispute, what theme of Interpersonal Therapy is the client addressing?

A

Role disputes

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26
Q

If a client is expressing that they are having trouble coping with being “different than before” they are currently working through which Interpersonal theme?

A

Role transitions

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27
Q

Which interpersonal theme focuses on facilitating the development of new, healthy relationships?

A

Grief

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28
Q

Which therapy has weekly meetings that occur for a quarter of the year?

A

Interpersonal Therapy

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29
Q

Interpersonal therapy has the strongest research for treating _________, with growing evidence for _________ and ___________.

A

Depression; Eating disorders; Anxiety disorders

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30
Q

Interpersonal therapy has “good evidence” for which two disorders?

A

SUD and BPD

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31
Q

The therapist will act _________ and __________ during Interpersonal Therapy.

A

Relaxed; supportive

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32
Q

Who was the founder of CBT

A

Aaron Beck

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33
Q

What is the most common and most widespread therapy today?

A

CBT

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34
Q

CBT is ______-oriented psychotherapy for depression.

A

present

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35
Q

What is the cognitive triad in CBT?

A

Negative thoughts about oneself > Negative thoughts about future > Negative thoughts about world

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36
Q

What 2 things does CBT emphasize?

A
  1. Collaboration
  2. Active participation
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37
Q

CBT is _______-oriented and problem-__________.

A

Goal; focused

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38
Q

Which therapy aims to teach the patient to be their own therapist?

A

CBT

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39
Q

Which therapy emphasizes relapse prevention?

A

CBT

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40
Q

How many sessions does CBT need on average?

A

4-14

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41
Q

Which therapy uses a variety of techniques to change thinking, mood, and behaviour?

A

CBT

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42
Q

________ thoughts are referred to as the most superficial level of cognition, while _______ beliefs are referred to as a layer of judgement.

A

Automatic; Intermediate

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43
Q

What describes our individual understandings that are so fundamental + deep, we often do not articulate them?

A

Core beliefs

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44
Q

When are our core beliefs developed?

A

Childhood

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45
Q

If someone’s core belief is that “the world is a dangerous place,” they most likely have a history of what?

A

Trauma

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46
Q

Unworthiness is associated with __________ while incompetence is associated with __________.

A

Depression; Anxiety

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47
Q

Which type of beliefs are extremely rigid + over generalized?

A

Core

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48
Q

Which phase of CBT would you establish concrete, collaboratively agreed-upon treatment goals?

A

Assessment Phase

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49
Q

What is important to review during the “intervention phase” of CBT?

A

Progress towards goals

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50
Q

What should you check on at the beginning of a CBT session?

A

Client’s mood

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51
Q

Behavioural activation is particularly important for clients with _________.

A

Depression

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52
Q

Exposing self to feared stimuli or scheduling pleasant activities are examples of?

A

Behavioural activation

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53
Q

Developing strategies to recognize + stop automatic negative thoughts is referred to as?

A

Thought Stopping

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54
Q

What CBT skill uses cognitive restructuring strategies to challenge the accuracy of one’s assumptions or beliefs?

A

Altering automatic thoughts + beliefs

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55
Q

What CBT skill uses role play to develop communication skills?

A

Interpersonal skills

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56
Q

Acting “as if” is an example of which CBT skill?

A

Interpersonal skills

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57
Q

What is the most important outcome of a thought log?

A

Increasing awareness

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58
Q

How many areas does a thought log build awareness for?

A

One

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59
Q

Which cognitive distortion occurs lots with anxiety?

A

Catastrophizing

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60
Q

Which 2 cognitive distortion occurs lots with depression?

A
  1. Negative thinking
  2. Shoulds / Coulds
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61
Q

Which cognitive distortion looks at things as ‘all or nothing’ or ‘good or bad’?

A

Black and white thinking

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62
Q

Which cognitive distortion focuses on the other person a source of negative feelings?

A

Blaming / Excuses

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63
Q

Which cognitive distortion belives others are behaving in a certain way because of you?

A

Personalizing

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64
Q

Which cognitive distortion takes a mountain + pretends it was only a molehill?

A

Minimizing

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65
Q

Which cognitive distortion occurs when you assume you know what someone else is thinking vs asking them?

A

Mind-reading

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66
Q

After terminating CBT, what is common?

A

Booster sessions

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67
Q

Which therapy anticipates future challenges + how they can be handled during the termination phase?

A

CBT

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68
Q

What 4 types of CBT are commonly used for anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Exposure
  2. Relaxation training
  3. Social skills training
  4. Behavioural experiments
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69
Q

What is graduated-exposure therapy?

A

Progressing from least to most difficult

70
Q

What is another word for intense-exposure therapy?

A

Flooding

71
Q

Which exposure therapy focuses on building self-efficacy over stimulus exposure?

A

Guided mastery

72
Q

Which exposure therapy repeats real-life exposure until anxiety is reduced?

A

In-vivo exposure

73
Q

What type of relaxation training is considered very useful for anxiety disorders?

A

Progressive muscle relaxation

74
Q

Which therapy is commonly used with those who have a history of trauma?

A

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)

75
Q

Which therapy is now a gold standard for BPD?

A

DBT

76
Q

What are the 3 theoretical positions taken in Dialectical Behaviour Therapy?

A
  1. Behavioural science
  2. Dialectical philosophy
  3. Zen practice
77
Q

Which DBT theoretical position emphasized wholeness and interrelatedness?

A

Dialectical philosophy

78
Q

If a therapist is conducting 24hr-on-call telephone consultations, they are most likely practicing which type of therapy?

A

DBT

79
Q

In terms of dialectics: emotional vulnerability vs ____________.

A

Self-invalidation

80
Q

In terms of dialectics: active passivity vs __________.

A

Apparent competence

81
Q

In terms of dialectics: inhibited grieving vs ___________.

A

Unrelenting crisis

82
Q

Which dialectic is described by feeling as if one cannot do anything so they want to seek help?

A

Active passivity

83
Q

Which dialectic is described by invalidating their own experiences?

A

Self-invalidation

84
Q

Emotional vulnerabilty is referred to as an ________ wound.

A

Open

85
Q

Which dialectic is described by so much drama + problems that are never ending?

A

Unrelenting crisis

86
Q

What is apparent competence?

A

Feeling as if there is nothing you can’t do, despite your life being a mess

87
Q

Which dialectic is described by being stuck in one moment that you cannot move past?

A

Inhibited grieving

88
Q

What is the KEY phrase in DBT?

A

“A life worth living”

89
Q

The phrase “ _______ mind” is used in DBT when the client understands that their emotions are a part of them, but they are not running the show.

A

Wise

90
Q

T/F: Client must discuss trauma during Trauma Informed Care

A

F

91
Q

What are the 2 focuses of Trauma Informed Care?

A
  1. Safety
  2. Engagement
92
Q

T/F: It is vital to have a specific treatment strategy of method when conducting Trauma Informed Care.

A

F

93
Q

What are the 3 Phases in Trauma Informed Care?

A
  1. Phase 1: Safety + Stabilization
  2. Phase 2: Processing the Trauma
  3. Phase 3: Reintegration
94
Q

Which is the longest phase of Trauma Informed Care (TIC)?

A

Phase 1: Safety + Stabilization

95
Q

Which phase of TIC might a client be in if the goal is to learn to approach + master triggers and enhance their sense of personal control?

A

Phase 1: Safety + Stabilization

96
Q

Which 2 types of therapy are used in phase 2 of TIC?

A
  1. Present-centered Therapy
  2. Exposure Therapy
97
Q

What is present-centered therapy?

A

Focusing on present while bridging link to past

98
Q

Which type of Exposure therapy is most effective for single-source traumas?

A

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)

99
Q

What phase of TIC is the client in if their goal is to self-reflect and disclosure traumatic memories + their associated reactions?

A

Phase 2: Processing the Trauma

100
Q

What are the 2 focuses of TIC’s phase 3: Reintegration?

A
  1. Interpersonal relationships
  2. Generalizing skills
101
Q

Developmental disorders in children and adoloscents require intensive ____________ programming.

A

behavioural

102
Q

What is the youngest age that therapy can start for developmental disorders?

A

2

103
Q

Applied Behavioural Analysis (ABA) for children + adolescents focuses on __________ reinforcement to increase _________ behaviour and decrease _________ behaviour.

A

positive; adaptive; negative

104
Q

What therapy might have a client engage in telling their story through writing a book which contains early memories?

A

Trauma Focused CBT

105
Q

Which therapy might be best for chronically traumatized adolescents aged 12-21 who are still living with ongoing stress?

A

SPARCS

106
Q

What are the 3 empirically-informed interventions that SPARCS is based on?

A
  1. DBT for adolescents
  2. Trauma Adaptive Recovery
  3. School-based Trauma
107
Q

Process-Experiential Therapy stems from whose work?

A

Gestalt

108
Q

Process-Experiential Therapy focuses on __________.

A

emotions

109
Q

Which therapy looks at how emotion is seen as a source of meaning, direction, and growth.

A

Emotion Focused Therapy

110
Q

Which therapy integrates person-centered + Gestalt + Existential Therapies?

A

Emotion Focused Therapy

111
Q

Which therapy is strongly linked to attachment theory?

A

Emotion Focused Therapy

112
Q

What is step 1 of Emotion Focused Therapy and what does it focus on?

A

Cycle de-escalation; focuses on emotion that forms negative interaction patterns

113
Q

What is step 2 of Emotion Focused Therapy and what are the 2 objectives for couples?

A

Restructuring the attachment bond; (1) Withdrawer re-engagement; (2) Blamer softener

114
Q

What is step 3 of Emotion Focused Therapy for couples?

A

Consolidation + reintegration

115
Q

According to General Systems Theory, which system is considered to be primarily an open system?

A

The family

116
Q

According to General Systems Theory and homeostasis, if the problems of one family member improve, the disturbance is likely to __________________________________________.

A

reappear elsewhere in the family

117
Q

What is the goal of Functional Family Therapy (FFT)

A

To improve family relationships by changing family communication patterns

118
Q

According to Functional Family Therapy, families with delinquencies experience highly ___________ communication and little ___________ communication.

A

defensive; supportive

119
Q

T/F : In families with delinquencies, communication is likely to be more helpful rather than critical.

A

F

120
Q

Who is Multisystemic Therapy (MST) designed for?

A

Adolescents w/ significant behavioural problems

121
Q

Which therapy is based on ecological theory?

A

Multisystemic Theory

122
Q

Which therapy is very intensive, uses a hands-on approach, and requires participation from multiple agencies (school, parents, community, etc.)?

A

Mulitsystemic Therapy

123
Q

In Multisystemic Therapy, interventions are present focused + action oriented, targeting ________ and ____-_________ problems.

A

specific; well-defined

124
Q

Which therapy focuses on positives + strengths of agents of change and requires continuous effort to promote responsible behaviour?

A

Multisystemic Therapy

125
Q

What are 3 reasons as to why Multisystemic Therpay is difficult?

A
  1. Expensive
  2. Not readily available
  3. Not many therapists trained in family therapy
126
Q

_____________ Therapy is an example of something we KNOW works and is effective, however it is not readily available.

A

Multisystemic

127
Q

For families and couples, after Individual Therapy, ___________ Therapy is the most delivered intervention.

A

Group

128
Q

What is a “close-ended group?”

A

A group that has a start + end date of treatment

129
Q

Which type of group therapy can have less-qualified individuals running it?

A

Psychoeducation groups

130
Q

What does a process group discuss? (2 things)

A
  1. Relationships for each client;
  2. Their relationship among other group members
131
Q

Most groups are a mix of both ________ and __________ groups.

A

Process; psychoeducation

132
Q

What is the first stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy? (4 topics)

A

Orientation, Hesitant Participation, Search for Meaning, Dependency

133
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy? (3 topics)

A

Conflict, Dominance, Rebellion

134
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy? (1 topic)

A

Development of Cohesiveness

135
Q

In what stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy would have advice-giving replaced by criticism, judgement, and negative comments?

A

Stage 2: Conflict, Dominance, Rebellion

136
Q

In what stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy would members look primarily for approval + acceptance?

A

Stage 1: Orientation, Hesitant Participation, Search for Meaning, Dependency

137
Q

In what stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy would morale, trust and self-disclosure increase?

A

Stage 3: Development of Cohesiveness

138
Q

In what stage of Yalom’s Stages of Group Therapy would a control hierarchy / social packing order gradually begin to form?

A

Stage 2: Conflict, Dominance, Rebellion

139
Q

According to Yalom, what is a critical aspect of Stage 3 and is similar to the therapist-client relationship?

A

Cohesiveness

140
Q

What are Yalom’s 3 tasks of the therapist?

A
  1. Creation + Maintenance of the Group
  2. Culture Building
  3. Activation of the here-and-now
141
Q

Which one of Yalom’s ‘therapist tasks’ does “connecting things that come up in group to other parts of clients’ lives” fall into?

A

Activation of the here-and-now

142
Q

Which 2 norms does the therapist establish during “Culture Building?”

A
  1. Being a technical expert
  2. Being a participant / model
143
Q

Yalom considers _______-________ (“transparency”) to be beneficial as long as it is done responsibly.

A

self-disclosure

144
Q

According to Yalom, the therapy group can be referred to as a social _________.

A

microcosm

145
Q

What is the ideal number of group members in Group Therapy?

A

~12

146
Q

Who is the guru of Group Therapy?

A

Yalom

147
Q

Which therapy may involve up to 100 hours of direct clinical contact?

A

MST

148
Q

In Functional Family Therapy, families are taught to use more reciprocal ________ communication.

A

supportive

149
Q

What does ‘homeostasis’ refer to in the General Systems Theory?

A

The tendency for a family to act in ways that will maintain the family’s status quo

150
Q

Which therapy provides lots of unconditional positive regard?

A

Emotion Focused Therapy

151
Q

Correlational analyses are used to determine the _________ of the association between variables.

A

strength

152
Q

An odds ratio represents the odds that an __________ will happen following an intervention compared to the odds of it occurring w/o intervention.

A

outcome

153
Q

The narrower the confidence interval, the more likely the effect size is a good estimate of the true _______________ effect.

A

population

154
Q

The average person receiving psychotherapy is better off than ____% of those who did not receive therapy.

A

80

155
Q

Which 2 disorders have the largest effect sizes?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Mood problems
156
Q

What is now the gold-standard for evaluating treatment effects?

A

Meta-analysis

157
Q

Do the majority of meta-analytic reviews focus on the efficacy or effectiveness of treatments?

A

Efficacy

158
Q

Family member inclusion has a substantial effect on reducing _____ symptoms + improving overall functioning. (HINT: internalizing disorder)

A

OCD

159
Q

T / F: The tendency for family members to make adjustments in their daily activities in order to accommodate OCD symptoms results in the greatest improvement in client functioning.

A

T

160
Q

What is a publication bias?

A

The tendency for journals to publish research that has statistically significant results.

161
Q

What is “grey literature?”

A

Unpublished research

162
Q

T / F: It is highly likely that some existing but untested treatments will work for some patients.

A

T

163
Q

High Quality RCTs are known as what type of study?

A

Type 1

164
Q

What is a Type 2 study?

A

Imperfect RCTs

165
Q

_____ trials are known as Type 3 studies.

A

Open

166
Q

Another term for “open trials” or a “type 3” study is?

A

Pilot study

167
Q

T/F : Making a treatment decision based on uncontrolled or correlational research is BETTER than making it SOLELY based off professional opinion.

A

T

168
Q

Health care professionals in which country have been at the forefront of efforts to promote evidence-based health care.

A

UK

169
Q

Which corporation in England and Wales serves as an exemplary model that could be adopted by the health care systems in majority of countries?

A

NICE

170
Q

What strategy uses the results of efficacy trials to form a standard against which the services provided to regular patients by regular clinicians can be compared?

A

Benchmark strategy

171
Q

Unlike pharmaceutical interventions, psychological interventions cannot be __________.

A

patented

172
Q

The training necessary to appropriately provide psychological intervention is akin to what is required for ___________ to learn and use new surgical _____________.

A

surgeons; procedures

FINAL - PSYCH335 (3 decks)

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