Week 11 UAS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Week 11 UAS Deck (15)
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1
Q

What is Distributed Database?

A

A logically interrelated collection of shared data (and a description of this data), physically distributed over a computer network.

2
Q

What is Distributed DBMS?

A

Software system that permits the management of the distributed database and makes the distribution transparent to users.

3
Q

What is Distributed processing?

A

A centralized database that can be accessed over a computer network

4
Q

What is Parallel DBMS?

A

A DBMS running across multiple processors and disks that is designed to execute operations in parallel, whenever possible, in order to improve performance.

3 main architectures for parallel DBMS:

  1. shared memory is a tightly coupled architecture in which multiple processors within a single system share system memory.
  2. shared disk is a loosely couple architecture optimized for applications that are inherently centralized and require high availability and performance.
  3. shared nothing is a multiple-processor architecture in which each processor is part of a complete system, with its own memory and disk storage.
5
Q

Advantages of Distributed DBMS?

A
  1. Reflects organizational structure
  2. Improved shareability and autonomy
  3. Improved availability
  4. Improved reliability
  5. Improved performance
  6. Economics
  7. Modular growth
  8. Integration
  9. Remaining competitive
6
Q

Disadvantages of Distributed DBMS?

A
  1. Complexity
  2. Cost
  3. Security
  4. Integrity control more difficult Lack of standards
  5. Lack of experience
  6. Database design more complex
7
Q

Types of DDBMS?

A
  1. Homogeneous DDBMS

3. Heterogeneous DDBMS

8
Q

What is Multidatabase system?

A

A distributed DBMS in which each site maintains complete autonomy

9
Q

Functions of a DDBMS?

A
  1. Extended communication services.
  2. Extended Data Dictionary.
  3. Distributed query processing.
  4. Extended concurrency control.
  5. Extended recovery services.
10
Q

3 key factors in Distributed Database Design?

A
  1. Fragmentation
    Relation may be divided into a number of sub-relations, which are then distributed.
  2. Allocation
    Each fragment is stored at site with “optimal” distribution.
  3. Replication
    Copy of fragment may be maintained at several sites.
11
Q

Why fragment?

A
  1. Usage
    Applications work with views rather than entire relations.
  2. Efficiency
    Data is stored close to where it is most frequently used. Data that is not needed by local applications is not stored.
  3. Parallelism
    With fragments as unit of distribution, transaction can be divided into several subqueries that operate on fragments.
  4. Security
    Data not required by local applications is not stored and so not available to unauthorized users.

Disadvantages

  1. Performance, may be slower
  2. Integrity, because data and functional dependencies are fragmented and located at different sites.
12
Q

3 correctness rules in Fragmentation?

A
  1. Completeness,
  2. Reconstruction,
  3. Disjointness.
13
Q

4 types of fragmentation?

A
  1. Horizontal,
  2. Vertical,
  3. Mixed,
  4. Derived.
14
Q

4 main types of transparency in a DDBMS?

A
  1. distribution transparency
    a. Fragmentation Transparency
    b. Location Transparency
    c. Replication Transparency
    d. Local Mapping Transparency
    e. Naming Transparency
  2. transaction transparency
    a. Concurrency transparency
    b. Failure transparency
  3. performance transparency
  4. DBMS transparency
15
Q

Date’s 12 Rules for a DDBMS?

A
  1. Local Autonomy
  2. No Reliance on a Central Site
  3. Continuous Operation
  4. Location Independence
  5. Fragmentation Independence
  6. Replication Independence
  7. Distributed Query Processing
  8. Distributed Transaction Processing
  9. Hardware Independence
  10. Operating System Independence
  11. Network Independence
  12. Database Independence

last four rules are ideals