Week 13 Aggression between social groups lecture 22

Question 1

aggressive behavior between individuals rather than groups

Answer 1

interpersonal aggression

Question 2

aggressive encounters between groups or aggression based on group membership rather than individual characteristics

Answer 2

intergroup aggression

Question 3

instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic, or social objectives

Answer 3

collective violence

Question 4

difference between groups and crowds

Answer 4

• groups are relatively permanent
• crowds are more transient

Question 5

2 main sources of intergroup aggression

Answer 5

1. competition for valued material resource
2. competition for social rewards

Question 6

1. realistic conflict theory
2. relative deprivation theory
3. social identity theory
4. social dominance theory

Answer 6

theories of intergroup aggression

Question 7

the view that competition over scarce resources leads to intergroup conflict

Answer 7

realistic conflict theory

Question 8

the lack of resources (money, rights, social equality) necessary to maintain the quality of life considered typical within a given group
“gap between what one has and what one expects”

Answer 8

relative deprivation theory

Question 9

group based relative deprivation

Answer 9

fraternal deprivation

Question 10

people like to sort things into categories, but the sorter belongs to some categories and feels emotionally attached to them

Answer 10

social categorization

Question 11

people tend to divide the world into “us” (in-groups) and “them” (outgroups)

Answer 11

social identity theory

Question 12

showing favoritism to their in-groups

Answer 12

in-group favoritism

Question 13

the automatic preference for members of ones own group

Answer 13

minimal group effect

Question 14

a persons sense of who they are based on their group memberships

Answer 14

social identity

Question 15

people tend to stomp down out-groups

Answer 15

out-group hostility

Question 16

proposes that societies are organized in terms of group based social hierarchies

Answer 16

social dominance theory

Question 17

3 major group based hierarchies

Answer 17

1. age (adults have dominance over children)
2. gender (males have dominance over females)
3. arbitrary set (some arbitrary groups [races, religions, classes] have dominance over other groups)

Question 18

keep the dominance structure in place by suggesting that some groups are more deserving than others (sexism) (racism)

Answer 18

legitimizing myths

Question 19

an age graded peer group that inhibits some permanence, engages in criminal activity, and has some symbolic representation of membership

Answer 19

gang
(over 33,000 violent street gangs in the US)
(males in violent gangs outnumber females by ratio of 20:1

Question 20

rival gangs compete for

Answer 20

material gains (profits from drug sales, status, territory)

Question 21

criminal acts toward individuals by virtue of their membership in certain social groups or categories

Answer 21

hate crimes

Question 22

criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offenders bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity

Answer 22

hate crimes

Question 23

a negative evaluation of others by virtue of their membership in a certain social group or category

Answer 23

prejudice
(hate crimes are often motivated by this)

Question 24

are hate crimes greater, less, or the same as before

Answer 24

greater

Question 25

what are most hate crimes based off of

Answer 25

race/ethnicity

Question 26

categorization of a group or groups into extremely negative social categories that are excluded from the realm of acceptable norms and/or values

Answer 26

delegitimization

Question 27

tendency to deny out-groups the quality of being human
- extreme form of delegitimization

Answer 27

dehumanization

Question 28

when large groups of people (crowds) converge, individuals lose their sense of self and personal responsibility

Answer 28

deindividuation

Question 29

theory of crowd behavior proposing that members base their behavior on what they perceive to be the specific norms shared among the group

Answer 29

emergent norm theory

Question 30

3 things collective violence comprises of

Answer 30

1. political conflicts within and between states
2. state perpetrated violence
3. organized violent crime

Question 31

3 risk factors of collective violence

Answer 31

1. political factors
2. societal and community factors
3. demographic factors