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bacte > Week 15 > Flashcards

Week 15 Flashcards

1
Q
  • non-motile
  • non-sporeformers
  • strictly aerobic
  • catalase (+)
  • produce much’s granules
A

Mycobacteria

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2
Q

Cell wall contains N-glycolylmuramic acid and has a high lipid profile

A

Mycobacteria

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3
Q
  • Resist decolorization with acid-alcohol
  • resistant to heat, cold and drying
A

Mycobacteria

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4
Q
  • slender
  • slightly curved
  • straight gram (+) rod
  • gram neutral or “gram ghosts” appearance
A

Mycobacteria

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5
Q

Incomplete staining in mycobacteria may show?

A

Beaded appearance

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6
Q

Smooth and soft or a rough and friable appearance - egg based media

A

Mycobacteria

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7
Q

2 groups of mycobacteria

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC)
  • nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM)
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8
Q

Also known as “Koch’s bacillus” – described by Robert Koch in 1882

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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9
Q

One of the oldest documented communicable diseases

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

Virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Cord factor

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11
Q

It has the longest replication time among the mycobacteria (20-22 hours)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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12
Q

slender, beaded rods with, X, Y, V, and L formation

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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13
Q

slow growing, buff in color raised and dry – “cauliflower colonies”, rough colonies exhibit “cording” (curved strands of bacilli)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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14
Q

Biochemical tests:
- (+) niacin and nitrate reduction
- growth on T2H
- (-) 68°C catalase test
- It is inhibited by nitroimidazopyran (NAP)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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15
Q

It is also known as “consumption disease” – substantial weight loss
and wasting

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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16
Q

It is a chronic granulomatous infection that is transmitted by the inhalation of infected droplets by means of coughing, sneezing, or talking

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms: low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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18
Q

is phagocytized by alveolar macrophages and is capable of intracellular multiplication

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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19
Q

It is also known as tuberculosis spondylitis or skeletal TB of the spine

A

Pott’s disease

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20
Q

It is a grave form of tuberculosis caused by the invasion of M. tuberculosis into the spinal vertebrae

A

Pott’s disease

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21
Q

It produces TB in cattle, dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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22
Q

Its attenuated strain is used for vaccination (Bacille-Calmette-Guerin or BCG) of newborns

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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23
Q

It is acquired by ingestion of contaminated milk from infected cows or by exposure to infected animals and their carcasses

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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24
Q

slow growing, small, granular, rounded white colonies and nonpigmented with
irregular margins, also resembles “water droplets” in Middlebrook media

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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25
Q

Biochemical tests:
- (-) niacin and nitrate reduction
- No growth in the presence of T2H
- (-) 68°C catalase test

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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26
Q

Associates with human cases of TB in tropical Africa

A

Mycobacterium africanum

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27
Q

First human isolate was from a cervical lymph node and from AIDS patient with mesenteric tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium canetti

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28
Q

Smooth strain of M. tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium canetti

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29
Q

Biochemical test:
(+) niacin and reduced nitrate to nitrite

A

Mycobacterium canetti

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30
Q

Isolated from TB patients in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals

A

Mycobacterium microti

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31
Q
  • Also known as MOTT
  • Found in soil and water
A

NONTUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIA

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32
Q

Chronic pulmonary disease resembling TB is the usual clinical presentation

A

NONTUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIA

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33
Q

Infections caused by these bacteria are not considered transmissible from person to person

A

NONTUBERCULOSIS MYCOBACTERIA

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34
Q

develop yellow pigment when exposed to constant light source, nonpigmented in the dark

A

Group I – Photochromogen

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35
Q

pigmented yellow to orange in dark, pigment intensifies when exposed to constant light

A

Group II – Scotochromogen

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36
Q

white to tan in color, cannot develop pigment on exposure to light

A

Group III – Non-photochromogen

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37
Q

grow in 3-5 days in culture media, saprophytes

A

Group IV – Rapid growers

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38
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary infection in human similar to tuberculosis and infects GIT

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

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39
Q

These organisms are common environmental saprophytes (soil, water, house dust, etc)

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

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40
Q

Disseminated disease is common, usually occurring in immunocompromised patients or
patients with hematologic disease

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

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41
Q

pleomorphic, short, coccobacillary without beading

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

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42
Q

Biochemical test:
(+) heat-stable catalase, growth on media with T2H

A

Mycobacterium avium complex

43
Q

cause of disease in poultry and swine

A

M. avium

44
Q

“Wood pigeon bacilli”

A

M. avium subsp. silvaticum

45
Q

Causative agent of Johne’s disease (inflammatory bowel disease)

A

Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis

46
Q

Also isolated from bowel mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease

A

Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis

47
Q

Growth factor of Mycobacterium subsp. paratuberculosis

A

Mycobactin

48
Q

Also known as the “Yellow bacilli”

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

49
Q

It is second to MAC causing NTM lung disease

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

50
Q

long rods with distinct cross-banding
“Shepherd’s crook”

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

51
Q

Culture of what Mycobacterium?
MB 7H10 – smooth to rough colonies with dark centers and waxy edges

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

52
Q

Biochemical test:
- (+) Tween 80 hydrolysis
- (+) nitrate
- Rapid catalase activity
- (+) Pyrazinamidase

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

53
Q

3rd most common Mycobacterium species after M. tuberculosis and M. leprae

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

54
Q

Rare cause of mycobateriosis

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

55
Q

Also referred as Buruli ulcer, painless nodule under the skin after previous trauma that does not heal

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

56
Q

moderately long rods, without beading or crossbanding

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

57
Q

smooth and rough nonpigmented colonies (6-12 weeks incubation)

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

58
Q

Biochemical test:
(+) heat-stable catalase

A

Mycobacterium ulcerans

59
Q

Previously known as M. aquae, also known as “Tap water bacillus”

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

60
Q

It contaminates tap water used by patients in rinsing their mouths prior to the aerosolized saline procedure for sputum collection

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

61
Q

Rarely causes human infection

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

62
Q

smooth, yellow-orange colonies

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

63
Q

Biochemical tests:
o (+) Tween 80 hydrolysis
o (+) heat-stable catalase
o (-) nitrate reduction

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

64
Q

Recovered from hot and cold-water taps, especially water storage tanks of hospitals, and from birds

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

65
Q

First isolated from African toad

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

66
Q

Causes pulmonary infection in adults

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

67
Q

long filamentous rods

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

68
Q

o MB 7H10 – small colonies with dense centers and filamentous edges
o Cornmeal-glycerol agar – round colonies with branching filaments “bird’s nest” appearance with sticklike projections

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

69
Q

Biochemical tests:
o (+) heat-stable catalase
o (+) Pyrazinamidase and arylsulfatase

A

Mycobacterium xenopi

70
Q

Isolated from soil, water, and dust

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

71
Q

Most common rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with cutaneous infections – skin and soft tissues

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

72
Q

pleomorphic, long and tapered to short thick rods

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

73
Q

colonies with branching filamentous extensions and rough colonies with short aerial hyphae

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

74
Q

Biochemical tests:
(+) 3-day arylsulfatase test and nitrate reduction

A

Mycobacterium fortuitum

75
Q

Mostly associated with disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

76
Q

Also associated with infections of skin, lungs, and bone

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

77
Q

Exhibits more resistance to antimicrobial agents than M. fortuitum

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

78
Q

rough or smooth colonies and does not produce extensive filamentous branching colonies

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

79
Q

Biochemical tests:
(+) 3-day arylsulfatase test and (-) nitrate reduction

A

Mycobacterium chelonae

80
Q

removal of normal microbiota or other bacterial contaminants from sputum
specimen

A

Decontamination

81
Q

involves splitting of the sulfide bonds in mucin that may trap mycobacteria,
liquefying mucus of sputum

A

Digestion

82
Q

Most common decontamination agent

A

2-4% NaOH

83
Q

Both a decontaminant and a digestant agent

A

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine and NaOH

84
Q

(+) result of Auramine-Rhodamine Flurochrome

A

bright yellow-orange bacilli against a dark background

85
Q

Report of 0 AFB

A

Negative

86
Q

Report of 1-2/300 fields AFB

A

+/-, repeated on second slide

87
Q

Report of 1-9/100 fields AFB

A

1+

88
Q

Report of 1-9/10 fields AFB

A

2+

89
Q

Report of 1-9/field AFB

A

3+

90
Q

Report of >9/field AFB

A

4+

91
Q

View a minimum of 300 fields before a slide is called?

A

Negative

92
Q

AFB can be transferred from one slide to another via?

A

Immersion oil

93
Q

is inhibitory agent for non-mycobacteria

A

Malachite green

94
Q

Mycobacteria are examined _____ for growth

A

Weekly

95
Q

Growth rate of:
– M. haemophilum, M. ulcerans, M. marinum
– M. xenopi
– M. thermoresistible

A

30-32°C
42°C
52°C

96
Q

Fresh whole eggs, potato flour, glycerol, milk, potato and malachite green

A

Egg-based media

97
Q

most commonly used egg-based media

A

Lowenstein Jensen

98
Q

used to recover mycobacteria from heavily contaminated specimen,
it contains malachite green

A

Petragnani medium

99
Q

for sterile specimens like CSF and bone marrow

A

American Thoracic Society

100
Q

Vitamins, salts, cofactors, glycerol, malachite green, agar, oleic acid, bovine albumin, glucose, and beef catalase

A

Serum Agar-based media

101
Q

Uses Tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)

A

TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST

102
Q

It detects a patient’s cell-mediated immune response to the bacterial antigens in a type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST

103
Q

Presence of hard, dense, raised wheal
(induration) that is 10 mm or larger after 48 hours

A

Mantoux Test

bacte (4 decks)

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