week 2 Flashcards
1. Name and describe parts of the neuron and explain their basic function a. Types of neurons b. External structures c. Internal structures 2. Name and describe the supporting cells of the CNS 3. Discuss the role of the Blood-Brain Barrier
What is the CNS?
central nervous system comprises the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the PNS?
peripheral nervous system is everything outside of the CNS
Do the CNS and PNS interact?
Yes, all the cells come together to create the skin, nails your hair.
What is the Cell?
basic units of the structure and function of living things
What is Cell Theory?
All organisms are made of one or more cells
All life functions occur within cells
All cells come from already existing cells
What is the neuron?
(Eukaryotic cell)A cell with a nucleus
cells of the nervous system that generate electrical signals (action potentials) which allow them to communicate with other neurons.
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells, and these are cells of bacteria and these types of cells, the pro carrier itself. And have no nucleus
(Eukaryotic cell)A cell with a nucleus
What is a cerebral pyramidal neuron?
type of neurons that are found in areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Soma is in the center
What are medium spiny neurons?
play a key role in inhibitating and controlling movement of the body and the limbs of the body.
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Bipolar: 2 processes. Usually sensory neurons (e.g. retinal cells), also interneuron
Multipolar: Multiple processes: Most common neuron in the CNS
Unipolar or Pseudo-unipolar: One process. Sensory neurons
What are the 3 main types of neurons based on function.
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneuron
What is a sensory neuron?
Soma located in PNS
Detects changes in the external and internal environment and sends info to CNS
What is a motor neuron?
Soma(cell body) located within the CNS
controls muscle contraction and secretion of glands
What is an interneuron?
Located in CNS within neuronal structures
Connect somatic and motor information
Explain the process of Reflex.
We have neural connections that provide info about stimulation, such as heat, and sending that heat info to the CNS (afferent fibers) and then a response coming from the CNS into the PNS (efferent fibers) causing an automatic reflex.
What is afferent transmission?
info. coming from the PNS into the CNS
What is the efferent transmission?
exiting info. From the CNS to the PNS
What is the Sensory somatic nervous system?
movement of skeletal muscles.
What is the Autonomic nervous system?
the connection between the CNS and the PNS, within the body ; the heart, lungs, kidney, internal but still PNS
What is the node of ranvier?
small spaces not covered by myelin
What is mylien?
allows electrical signals to propagate down the axon from the cell body to the terminal button,
What is a dendrite?
Short branched extension of nerve cell along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body