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Psych 120A > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

______ detectors communicate with letter detectors, which connect to ______ detectors

A

bigram; feature

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2
Q

what are bigram detectors sensitive to?

A

the natural frequency in which letters are combined in the native language (CL is more common than CQ)

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3
Q

feature detectors communicate with _____ detectors

A

letter

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4
Q

letter detectors rely on ______

A

feature integration

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5
Q

what are the basic features of objects?

A

geons

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6
Q

how many geons are needed to identify all objects?

A

about 36

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7
Q

true or false: in object recognition, corners are more informative than lines

A

true

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8
Q

we often encounter letters in text & stories and use this context to:

A

predict upcoming words

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9
Q

what is attention?

A

the mental process of directing or concentrating effort on a stimulus or event

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10
Q

active attention is controlled by ____ processes

A

top-down

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11
Q

______ attention is controlled by bottom-up processes

A

passive

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12
Q

what information in unattended channel does NOT get ignored?

A
  • your own name
  • words of high personal significance
  • physical changes (sex of speaker, tone, music)
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13
Q

according to the ______, the unattended input receives little to no analysis

A

early-selection hypothesis

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14
Q

what does the late-selection hypothesis state?

A

ALL input receives analysis but only the attended input reaches consciousness/is remembered

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15
Q

what is Broadbent’s ~filter~ theory?

A

the selective sensory register only allows certain info in; the rest remains in a buffer to be processed later

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16
Q

what is Treisman’s ~attenuation~ theory?

A

all info is registered, but at some point, a bottleneck occurs. like a “leaky filter” some input is weakened but not filtered out completely

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17
Q

divided attention is the _____ of attention

A

splitting

18
Q

selective attention is the _____ of attention

A

focusing

19
Q

what are the two types of focused visual attention?

A

exogenous & endogenous cues

20
Q

“Hey, look over there!” is an example of a/n ____ cue.

A

endogenous

21
Q

a/n ____ cue is something that involuntarily catches your attention

A

exogenous

22
Q

what type of focused visual attention is top-down?

A

endogenous

23
Q

what type of focused visual attention is bottom-up?

A

exogenous

24
Q

where do endogenous cues occur?

A

dorsal network (dorsal-frontal-parietal)

25
Q

____ cues occur in temporal-parietal junction + intraparietal sulcus

A

exogenous

26
Q

you can override _____ cues, but not _____ cues.

A

endogenous; exogenous

27
Q

eye-movements can infer where we are allocating visual _____ attention.

A

overt

28
Q

aside from eye-movements, what else can be measured to infer attention?

A

reaction time probes

29
Q

what is visual neglect?

A

attentional disorder in which patients don’t respond to objects on one side of space

30
Q

healthy unilateral-neglect patients show:

A

a mixture of ~spatial~ and ~object~ based attention

31
Q

what are the two TYPES of attention?

A

top-down and bottom-up

32
Q

what type of processing is stimulus-driven?

A

bottom-up

33
Q

what is bottom-up processing?

A

using very simple features to build up a representation

34
Q

what is top-down processing?

A

higher order cognition to impose your prior knowledge (not based on senses)

35
Q

what type of processing is driven by goals & prior knowledge?

A

top-down

36
Q

what is inhibition of return?

A

prevents us from looking at the same area twice; inhibit attention from previously-attended locations

37
Q

true or false: when a target is uncued, response time is faster with longer intervals

A

true

38
Q

with shorter intervals, ____ targets have faster response time

A

cued

39
Q

targets that appear at previously attended (cued) locations are responded to ____ than targets at uncued locations

A

more slowly

40
Q

what causes attentional shifts?

A

events in the periphery (cues/onsets) + over-learned symbols (words/arrows)

41
Q

what is the SNARC effect?

A

spatial numerical association of response codes

42
Q

what does the SNARC effect suggest?

A

the obligatory activation of a mental number line when processing numerical info

Psych 120A (4 decks)

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