Week 2 - Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the difference between a retroverted and retroflexed uterus?
Retroverted - uterus is bent back against the spine
Retroflexed - uterus is bent back and also folded back
What is the vagina?
an elastic, muscular canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation. The vagina connects the uterus to the outside world.
What is the cervix?
a cylinder-shaped neck of mostly fibromuscular tissue that connects the vagina and uterus
What is the fundus of the uterus?
the top portion of the uterus, opposite from the cervix.
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Name 3 glands that reside in the head
Name 2 glands that reside in the throat
Name 1 gland that resides in the chest
head - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal
throat - thyroid, parathyroid
chest - thymus
Name 2 glands that reside in the middle jiao
Name 2 glands that reside in the lower jiao
middle - adrenal, pancreas
lower - ovary, testes
What is the sequence of hormonal events that occur in menstruation?
1) GnRH secreted by the hypothalamus stimulates
anterior pituitary to secrete FSH.
2) FSH causes follicle to mature
3) Mature follicle secretes estrogen stimulating anterior pituitary to secrete LH and thickening of uterine lining
4) LH causes ovulation and promotes formation of corpus luteum
5) Corpus luteum secretes progesterone to slow LH secretion, inhibit GnRH secretion, stimulate endometrial growth, decrease contractility of the uterine smooth muscle
6) if no fertilization occurs, corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen and progesterone levels fall leading up to menstruation
List the source and action of the following hormones in a female: GnRH FSH LH Estrogen Progesterone
GnRH - hypothalamus - stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH
FSH - anterior pituitary - stimulates ovaries to develop mature follicles that secrete estrogen
LH - anterior pituitary - stimulates release of ovum by follicle and promotes formation of corpus luteum
Estrogen - follicle, placenta - stimulate repair of endometrium of uterus, negative feedback inhibits hypothalamus production of GnRH
Progesterone - corpus luteum, placenta - stimulates thickening of and maintains endometrium, negative feedback inhibits pituitary production of LH
List the source and action of the following hormones in a female:
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Androgens
hCG
Prolactin - anterior pituitary - stimulate milk production after childbirth
Oxytocin - posterior pituitary - stimulate milk “letdown”, contraction of uterus
Androgens - adrenal glands - stimulates sexual drive
hCG - embryo - stimulate production of progesterone
According to the Huang Di Nei Jing, what are the key markers that occur when a female reaches the following ages: 7 years old 14 years old 21 years old 28 years old
7 - baby teeth replaced, hair grows long
14 - Tian Gui arrives
21 - wisdom teeth arrive, hair grows long and luscious
28 - body fully developed, sinews and bone are strong
According to the Huang Di Nei Jing, what are the key markers that occur when a female reaches the following ages:
35 years old
42 years old
49 years old
35 - Yang Ming weakens - complexion withers, hair falls out
42 - Yang channels weaken, hair turns white, complexion withers
49 - Ren and Chong deficient, body starts to weaken, Tian Gui stops, fertility stops
What are the 4 substances of the body that influence menstruation?
Qi, Blood, Jing, Tian Gui
What are the 5 organs that influence menstruation?
KD, LV, HT, SP, LU
What are the 6 channels that influence menstruation?
Ren, Chong, Dai, Du, Bao Mai, Bao Luo
