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Block 3 Neuro > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of truncal ataxia, name of test

A

wide-based, unsteady gait; Romberg

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2
Q

localize: wide-based, unsteady gait

A

vermis

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3
Q

localize: dysmetria and dysrhythmia

A

cerebellar hemisphere

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4
Q

localize: tremor that occurs when limb is held in a particular position

A

ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere

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5
Q

localize: tremor that occurs when limb is in motion

A

ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere

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6
Q

localize: titubation (tremor of trunk or head)

A

vermis

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7
Q

localize: overshoot or undershoot eyes as patient focuses on target (ocular dysmetria)

A

flocculonodular lobe

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8
Q

localize: pure vertical nystagmus

A

brainstem (vestibular nuclei) or cerebellum

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9
Q

localize: direction-changing nystagmus

A

brainstem or cerebellum

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10
Q

localize: slow, effortful speech with difficulty articulating

A

lateral hemispheres

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11
Q

how to tell that problem is a cerebellar lesion and not vestibular dysfunction

A

vestibular dysfunction has no dysmetria or ataxia

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12
Q

localize: falling to the right

A

right cerebellar hemisphere

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13
Q

localize: dysmetria on the right

A

right cerebellar hemisphere

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14
Q

localize: nausea/vomiting, unsteadiness

A

vestibular or cerebellar

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15
Q

localize: dysarthria (difficulty saying words)

A

corticobulbar, vestibular, cerebellar, CN X, XII

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16
Q

localize: inability to tandem walk

A

vermis

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17
Q

localize: positive Romberg

A

vermis

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18
Q

what is essential tremor?

A

gradual loss of purkinje cells in cerebellum causing bilateral, postural and action tremor, autosomal dominant in 50%

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19
Q

localize: slow saccades

A

flocculonodular lobe

20
Q

multiple sclerosis is common in who? what does MS attack?

A

young white females; CNS white matter

21
Q

4 cardinal features of Parkinson’s

A
  1. resting tremor (pill-rolling)
  2. rigidity
  3. bradykinesia
  4. postural instability
22
Q

loss of neurons in the caudate

A

huntington’s disease

23
Q

parkinsons vs. huntingtons: which one is hyperkinetic and which is hypokinetic?

A

huntingtons is hyperkinetic and parkinsons is hypokinetic

24
Q

right sided chorea in huntingtons means the lesion is?

A

on the left side

25
Q

hemiballism: cause

A

lesion of contralateral subthalamic nucleus

26
Q

role of abducens nucleus/PPRF

A

move both eyes to ipsilateral side

27
Q

role of MLF

A

moves ipsilateral eye to move medially (the MILF crosses her eyes)

28
Q

role of FEF

A

horizontal saccades to opposite side

29
Q

which FEF helps move your eyes to the right?

A

left FEF

30
Q

patient wants to look RIGHT: steps

A

activate L FEF, which sends signals to R abducens/PPRF –> move eyes to the R

31
Q

localize: R hemiparesis

A

L corticospinal tract

32
Q

localize: R hemiparesis, R gaze preference

A

L pons

33
Q

localize: R hemiparesis, L gaze preference

A

L frontal cortex

34
Q

smooth pursuits is mediated by what?

A

parietal-occipital-temporal eye fields stimulating ipsilateral abducens nucleus/PPRF

35
Q

localize: jerky pursuits when following an object moving to the RIGHT

A

RIGHT parietal eye field lesion

36
Q

VOR is inhibited by what?

A

ipsilateral cerebellum (flocculonodular lobe and uvula of vermis)

37
Q

localize: decreased R nasiolabial fold

A

L corticobulbar tract (before pons)

38
Q

localize: increased tone in R arm

A

L corticospinal tract

39
Q

localize: hyperreflexia in R arm/leg

A

L corticospinal tract

40
Q

localize: spastic gait

A

corticospinal tract

41
Q

localize: aphasia

A

L frontal cortex (Broca’s aphasia)

42
Q

localize: waiter’s tip arm on LEFT

A

LEFT upper trunk of brachial plexus

43
Q

achilles reflex

A

S1

44
Q

patellar reflex

A

L2/3

45
Q

UMN or LMN lesion: cramping

A

LMN

46
Q

localize: shooting pain in a dermatomal distribution

A

nerve root

47
Q

localize: intrinsic minus hand deformity, paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles

A

lower trunk of brachial plexus

Block 3 Neuro (4 decks)

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