Week 5

Question 1

Layers of the atmosphere (order)

Answer 1

Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere

Question 2

Troposphere

Answer 2

80% of gasses here; Typically, the temperature drops about6.5° Cwith each increase in altitude of 1 kilometer (about3.6° F per 1,000 feet); the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth’s surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.

Question 3

lapse rate

Answer 3

The rate at which the temperature changes with altitude

Question 4

stratosphere

Answer 4

the layer of the earth’s atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above the earth’s surface (the lower boundary of the mesosphere).

Question 5

Stratopause

Answer 5

transition space between stratosphere and mesosphere

Question 6

Mesosphere

Answer 6

Air = light; water vapour and ice crystals;
the region of the earth’s atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, between about 30 and 50 miles in altitude

Question 7

thermosphere

Answer 7

Idominization and gamma rays; the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height

Question 8

TheMontreal Protocol

Answer 8

protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (aprotocolto the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.

Question 9

Greenhouse Effect

Answer 9

is used to describe the role of CO2 and H20 vapour and secondary gases in holding heat within the atmosphere.

Question 10

Albedo

Answer 10

is the measure of diffusive reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by a body, for example a planetary body such as Earth; biggest reflect is ice cap because it is white material, asphalt absorbs heat

Question 11

Anthropogenic

Answer 11

(chiefly of environmental pollution and pollutants) originating in human activity.

Question 12

El Nino

Answer 12

is a strong weather event, characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific; dead fish (therma shock) litters the water and beaches of the coasts of Peru and Ecudaor

Question 13

La Nina

Answer 13

is weather events in the Pacific characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific

Question 14

Drought

Answer 14

is a period in which the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration in an area results in less water.

Question 15

Evapotranspiration

Answer 15

the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants.

Question 16

Types of Drought (4)

Answer 16

meteorological
hydrological
agricultural
socio-economic

Question 17

Meteorological Drought

Answer 17

Drought can be defined simply as a deviation below normal precipitation for a considerable period of time; triggered by climate variation in any particular area

Question 18

Hydrological Drought

Answer 18

Rivers, lake will dwindle over time as a result of prolonged drought; effects fish populations; high concentration in the shallow water and heat is not being evaporated lack of oxygen fish dying

Question 19

Ogallala aquifer

Answer 19

is a shallow water table aquifer surrounded by sand, silt, clay and gravel located beneath the Great Plains in the United States.

Question 20

Safe Aquifer Yield

Answer 20

Managing water withdrawals fromaquifersso as to not exceed “safe yields” is an emerging water supply issue.Safe yieldis the amount of water that can be withdrawn from anaquiferwithout significant ecological impacts.

Question 21

Agricultural drought

Answer 21

Depends on the moisture condition of soil, time of the year and the type of farm crops that are cultivated

Question 22

Palmer Drought Index

Answer 22

used to measure agricultural drought measure the relationship/ratio bw current moisture in soil and avg moisture of soil over time

Question 23

Aridification

Answer 23

long term drying up of an area as a result of climate change;is the process of a region becoming increasingly dry. It refers to long term change rather than seasonal variation. It is often measured as the reduction of average soil moisture content.

Question 24

Desertification

Answer 24

gradual increase by barring; the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture; potential to drive up indigenous people from the land (eco-migrant)

Question 25

Peachland, BC

Answer 25

fire; displacement of 1500 people

Question 26

Crown fires

Answer 26

Where fire can easily move up from the ground to the tops of trees it can crown; enable embers to blow downwind causing more fires.

Question 27

How is fireline intensity calculated?

Answer 27

The fireline intensity is calculated by the number of kilowatts of energy per square metre along the fireline and estimated by the height of flames.

Question 28

Fire Frequency

Answer 28

depends on climate and the type of vegetation

Question 29

Trees adapted to fires

Answer 29

Jack Pine, Cork Oak

Question 30

Fire Suppression Methods

Answer 30

air tankers, back burns, burnouts

Question 31

Assessing global fire hazards

Answer 31

use of remote sensing in fire mapping and assessment, wildfire fuel assessment, wildfire education and assessments; production of priority maps of hazards