Week 5 - Early Childhood

Question 1

From age 3 to 5, the typical child grows about _______ cm per year and gains about _____kg.

Answer 1

7cm
2kg

Question 2

Three-year-old boys at the 50th percentile are __ cm tall and weigh ____ kg, and at age 5 are ____ cm and _____ kg

Answer 2

96 cm
14.5 kg

110 cm
18.5 kg

Question 3

Three-year-old girls at the 50th percentile are ____ cm tall and weigh ____ kg, and at age 5 are _____ cm and ____ kg

Answer 3

96 cm
14 kg

108 cm
18 kg

Question 4

By their third birthday, most children have a full set of __X__Y_ teeth

Answer 4

20 baby

Question 5

Worldwide, the rates of school children with cavities range from _______ to _____%

Answer 5

60% to 90%

Question 6

At age 3, the brain is about _____% of its adult weight, and at age 6, about ____%

Answer 6

70%

90%

Question 7

Throughout the cerebral cortex, growth from age ____ takes place in spurts within the different lobes, followed by periods of vigorous ___________

Answer 7

3 to 15
synaptic pruning

Question 8

In which structures is myelination completed by age 5?

Answer 8

Corpus Callosum - The corpus callosum allows for coordination of activity between the two hemispheres, so increased myelination of this area of the brain enhances the speed of functioning throughout the cerebral cortex.

Cerebellum - Increased myelination enhances connections between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex. This change underlies the child’s increasing abilities to jump, run, climb and throw a ball.

Reticular formation - myelination is completed by age 5, which helps explain the increase in attention span that takes place in the course of early childhood.

Hippocampus - is completed by age 5. The hippocampus is involved in the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory, so the completion of myelination by age 5 may explain why autobiographical memory (memory for personal events and experiences) is limited prior to this age

Question 9

corpus callosum

Answer 9

band of neural fibres connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

structure at the base of the brain involved in balance and motor movements

Question 11

reticular formation

Answer 11

part of the lower brain, involved in attention

Question 12

hippocampus

Answer 12

structure involved in transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory

Question 13

infantile amnesia

Answer 13

inability to remember anything that happened prior to age 2

Question 14

Only ____% of deaths of children under 5 in developing countries are due to injuries, and virtually all the other ____% are due to illness and disease

Answer 14

3%
97%

Question 15

handedness

Answer 15

preference for using either the right or left hand in gross and fine motor activities

Question 16

From age 3 to 6, young children learn to make…. (gross 6 and fine motor abilities 5)

Answer 16

Gross
- hops in a row and to hop on one foot;
- jump further from a standing position and make a running jump;
- climb stairs without support, alternating their feet;
- throw a ball further and more accurately;
- become better at catching a ball;
- increase their running speed and their ability to stop suddenly or change direction.

Fine
-pick up small objects more quickly and precisely,
- draw something that is recognisable to others,
- write their first letters and some short words,
- put on and remove their clothes,
- use scissors and use a knife to cut soft food.