Week 5 Proteins and Disease

Question 1

What are all the different type of proteins?

Answer 1

Structural proteins, storage proteins, transport proteins, hormonal proteins, motor proteins, receptor proteins, defensive proteins and enzymatic proteins

Question 2

What is an example of a structural proteins?

Answer 2

Keratin found in hair, feather, insects silk

Question 3

What’s an example of storage proteins?

Answer 3

Protein of milk for baby animals (amino acids storage)

Question 4

What’s an example of transport protein?

Answer 4

Transport of substances such as haemoglobin (iron protein)

Question 5

What’s an example of hormonal protein?

Answer 5

Insulin, a hormone which regulates blood sugars

Question 6

What’s an example of Motor proteins?

Answer 6

The movement of the cilia and flagella which causes contraction

Question 7

What’s an example of receptor proteins?

Answer 7

Chemical stimulation sensing such as receptors in membranes

Question 8

What’s an example of defensive proteins?

Answer 8

Protection against disease like antibodies de-ativiating a virus and bacteria

Question 9

What’s an example of enzymatic proteins?

Answer 9

Selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 10

Amino acids joined in peptide bonds (20)

Question 11

What does it mean if amino acids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic (state change on amino acids)

Answer 11

Hydrophobic are non-polar, whereas hydrophilic are polar and can be polar charged or polar un-charged

Question 12

What is really meant by primary structure of protein?

Answer 12

Sequence of amino acids

Question 13

How can you tell the difference between primary structure protein and secondary structure protein?

Answer 13

Secondary structure has short folded protein chain of weak hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Picture a primary and secondary protein structure?

Answer 14

Primary is the long snake like, purple circle amino acids, whereas the secondary structure is the short folded single-stranded-helix-looking thing with weak hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is meant by a proteins quaternary structure?

Answer 15

protein chains/ sub-units packed closely together

Question 16

What are quaternary structures held together by?

Answer 16

Stabilised by weak hydrogen bonds likeq

Question 17

Picture a quaternary protein structure?

Answer 17

Ball with haemoglobin and subunits a and b (at both sides) (see page 20 on week 5)

Question 18

What causes protein to unravel?

Answer 18

pH, salt concentrations, temperatures and environmental differences

Question 19

What terms describes when a protein loses its structure?

Answer 19

denatured protein

Question 20

What is the difference between denatured protein and protein?

Answer 20

denatured protein is in-active

Question 21

Picture normal protein and denatured protein?

Answer 21

Normal protein is like long string together, denatured is like long string far apart (see page 24)

Question 22

What process is it which a denatured protein can become normal protein again?

Answer 22

renaturation

Question 23

What are chaperonins?

Answer 23

Protein molecules which assist with the folding of other proteins

Question 24

What’s an example of a disease where chaperonins are defective?

Answer 24

Alzheimers and parkinsons and mad cow disease

Question 25

What can cause protein misfolding?

Answer 25

Mutations in gene encoding proteins, lack of enzyme in chaperons for protein folding, interaction with other misfiled proteins

Question 26

What could two protein related diseases be due to?

Answer 26

In sufficient amount of proteins for proper function (cystic fibrosis) and non-functional proteins

Question 27

What is sickle cell disease?

Answer 27

It is caused by a single substitution in the amino acids in protein haemoglobin