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Specialized Gen Rad > Week 6 - Dental terminology > Flashcards

Week 6 - Dental terminology Flashcards

1
Q

how many permanent teeth in total

A

32

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2
Q

types of teeth

A

molars, premolars, canine, incisors

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3
Q

crown?

A

upper visible part of teeth

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4
Q

enamel?

A

hard white substance covering tooth

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5
Q

what does enamel protect

A

dentin beneath crown

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6
Q

gingival sulcus?

A

fold between tooth & gum

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7
Q

where does dental plaque & tartar accumulate

A

gingival sulcus

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8
Q

dentin?

A

hard tissue that forms body of tooth

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9
Q

how does dentin appear when enamel layer thins

A

yellow

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10
Q

dental pulp?

A

soft tissue in middle of tooth containing nerves & vessels

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11
Q

what covers root

A

cementum

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12
Q

root?

A

part of tooth surrounded by alveolar bone

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13
Q

occlusal surface?

A

chewing surface of posterior teeth

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14
Q

incisal edge

A

biting edge of anterior teeth

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15
Q

mesial surface?

A

surface closer to midline

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16
Q

distal surface?

A

surface away from midline

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17
Q

labial surface

A

surface towards lips

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18
Q

buccal surface

A

surface towards cheeks

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19
Q

how many teeth in each quadrant

A

total = 8
2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolar
3 molars

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20
Q

where does quadrant 1 begin till quadrant 4

A

upper right > upper left > lower left > lower right

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21
Q

how many primary teeth

A

20 total

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22
Q

how many primary teeth in each quadrant

A

total = 5; no premolars, no 3rd molar
2 incisors
1 canine
2 molars

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23
Q

how to differentiate primary & adult teeth based on numbering

A

adult teeth starts from 1X - 4X
primary teeth starts from 5X - 8X

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24
Q

periapicals & bitewings are example of

A

intra-oral radiographs

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25
Q

panoramic imaging & lateral cephalometry are example of

A

extra oral radiographs

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26
Q

CBCT?

A

cone beam computed tomography

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27
Q

MDCT?

A

multidetector computed tomography

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28
Q

MRI?

A

magnetic resonance imaging

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29
Q

shape of maxillary incisors

A

trapezoidal

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30
Q

shape of mandibular incisors

A

narrow

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31
Q

function of maxillary & mandibular incisors

A

shear & cutting food

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32
Q

root & cusp of maxillary & mandibular incisors

A

single rooted with no cusps

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33
Q

maxillary canine found where

A

between lateral incisor & first premolar

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34
Q

roots & cusps of maxillary canine

A

single root, 1 cusp, pointed edge

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35
Q

which tooth has the longest root of all teeth

A

maxillary canine

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36
Q

function of maxillary canine

A

rip & tear food

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37
Q

cusps & roots of maxillary & mandibular premolar

A

2 - 3 cusps
1 - 2 roots

38
Q

function of maxillary & mandibular premolars

A

grind food

39
Q

what cusps present on maxillary & mandibular premolar

A

buccal + palatal cusps (bicuspid)

40
Q

which tooth has the largest occlusal surface

A

maxillary & mandibular molars

41
Q

roots of maxillary & mandibular molars

A

maxillary = 3 roots (palatal + mesial + distal)
mandibular = 2 roots (mesial + distal)

42
Q

primary components of dental x-ray unit

A
  • tube head
  • extension arm
  • control panel
43
Q

components inside tube head

A

x-ray tube = anode & cathode inside glass envelope to produce x-ray

PID = to aim x-ray beam

power supply = generate high potential between anode & cathode

44
Q

PID

A

position indicating device

45
Q

what is the purpose of insulating oil

A

dissipate heat generated by electron energy

46
Q

what are common PIDs used in dentistry

A

8, 12, 16 inches long; 12 & 16 inches commonly used due to less divergence

47
Q

what determines the PID length used

A

radiographic technique used & ROI size

48
Q

what is tube housing made of

A

steel / aluminium lined with lead

49
Q

what is the purpose of lead lining in tube housing

A

minimizes leakage radiation & poor conductor of electricity

50
Q

purpose of glass envelopes is to

A
  1. create vacuum for x-ray production
  2. insulates electrically
  3. electrons flow with minimal resistance
51
Q
A
52
Q

what is the source of electrons in x-ray tube

A

tungsten wire filament

53
Q

how are electrons produced

A
  1. filament heated to ‘boil’ e-
  2. e- accelerated across from cathode to anode
  3. focusing cup focuses e- into narrow beam

*hotter filament = more e- produced

54
Q

what is the focal spot of anode assembly

A

tungsten target embedded to convert e- into x-ray photons with copper stem to dissipate heat

55
Q

central ray is the

A

center of the x-ray beam

56
Q

what is the anode used in intra-oral units

A

stationary anode

57
Q

what is the anode used in extra-oral units

A

rotating anode

58
Q

components of control panel

A
  1. master switch
  2. indicator light
  3. exposure button
  4. control devices (exposure selector)
59
Q

what is the kVp limit of control panel

A

60 - 70 kVp

60
Q

which component is fixed in control panel

A

mA; exposure time variable

61
Q

CCD

A

charged coupled device

62
Q

CMOS

A

complementary metal oxide semiconductor

63
Q

PSP

A

photostimulable phosphor

64
Q

which receptor is indirect digital

A

PSP

65
Q

which receptor is direct digital

A

CCD/CMOS

66
Q

what is radiography workflow of PSP

A

scanner > computer electronics > computer display

67
Q

what is radiography workflow of CCD/CMOS

A

computer electronics > computer display

68
Q

why is PSP considered an indirect digital imaging method

A

data captured in an analog format then converted into digital data via scanning process

69
Q

how many sizes of phosphor plate receptors are available

A

size 0 - 6

70
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 0 & 1

A

pediatric patients

71
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 2

A

most periapical

72
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 3

A

bite wing imaging of crown

73
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 4

A

occlusal film

74
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 5

A

lateral cephalometry / TMJ

75
Q

Phosphor plate receptor 6

A

OPG / panoramic film

76
Q

what is the active phosphor layer of PSP sensor

A

barium fluorohalide with europium

77
Q

layers of PSP sensor

A
  1. front protective
  2. phosphor
  3. reflective
  4. electroconductive
  5. polyester
  6. light shielding
  7. back protective
78
Q

purpose of front protective layer

A

protect PSP from mechanical damage during handling

79
Q

purpose of reflective layer

A

reflects emitted light photons towards photomultiplier during scanning

80
Q

purpose of electroconductive layer

A

prevent static build up which can cause artifacts

81
Q

purpose of light shielding layer

A

prevents extraneous light erasing plate prior to being scanned

82
Q

what is the valence band of phosphor layer

A

europium

83
Q

what are solid state detectors

A

consists of electronics made of solid material & are semi-conductor based (silicon)

84
Q

PSP vs CCD/CMOS

A

PSP
- thinner, more flexible
- less expensive
- more exposure needed
- more time needed for scanning

CCD/CMOS
- bulkier
- expensive
- lower exposure needed
- images captured instantly

85
Q

PSP image generation

A
  1. x-ray exposure causes e- to be removed from europium activator
  2. e- trapped within fluorohalides at F-centers (latent image)
  3. holes left at original Eu sites
  4. laser released trapped e- back into original Eu sites, emitting light (photostimulable luminence)
  5. light captured by fiber optics & photomultiplier tube > electrical signal > computer display
86
Q

PSP plate erasure

A
  1. leave plate under fluorescent lights (1000 - 5000 lux)
  2. longer time & light exposure reduce time taken to erase image
87
Q

what happens if insufficient erasure used

A

double image produced

88
Q

what reduces image noise in CMOS chip

A

fiber optic face couples scintillator screen to CMOS chip

89
Q

how does CMOS imaging chip work

A

captures light from scintillator to create charge in each pixel proportional to exposure > transmitted to computer

90
Q

how does CCD work

A
  1. silicon chip detector converts x-ray photons into an electrical charge.
  2. e- produced are deposited into pixels that provide multiple shades of gray to allow contrast on display
91
Q

how does CMOS work

A
  1. e- hole pairs are generated within the pixels proportional to absorbed x-ray energy
  2. This charge is transferred to the transistor as small voltage.
  3. The cesium iodide scintillator screen inside the sensor converts radiation into visible light and guides the light through a micro-columnar structure.
  4. Fiber optics transmit the light to the surface sensor allowing a high signal-to-noise ration resulting in detailed images
92
Q

why is CMOS > CCD

A
  • higher resolution
  • higher contrast
  • lower noise
  • better diagnosis

Specialized Gen Rad (13 decks)

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