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OS Seminar > Week 7: The molecules of emotion > Flashcards

Week 7: The molecules of emotion Flashcards

1
Q 
Pert calls for a shift from cartesian/reductionistic paradigm to a holistic paradigm. What does she state that she has come to find as linking mind and body?
A. Science
B. Anatomy
C. Emotions
D. All of the above
A

C. Emotions

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2
Q 
According to Pert, what is the mechanism by which changes in behavior, physical activity, and mood are produced?
A. The nervous system
B. The ligand-receptor system
C. The cell receptor system
D. The CNS
A

B. The ligand-recptor system
-ligand-receptor system operates through the binding of ligands to a specific receptor on a cell. This results in the transfer of information and, ultimately, changes in behavior and mood.

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3
Q 
Pert refers to receptors and their ligands as:
A. Transference molecules
B. Nervous systems
C. Information molecules
D. Emotion molecules
A

C. Information molecules

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4
Q 
All of the following except which are types of ligands mentioned by Pert?
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Testosterone
C. Steroids
D. Peptides
A

B. Testosterone

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5
Q 
Due to their role in connecting all aspects of the body and mind in a network of shared information, which type of ligand does Pert call the molecules of emotions?
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Testosterone
C. Steroids
D. Peptides
A

D. Peptides

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6
Q 
According to Pert, which type of ligand is found in all parts of the body and is broadly termed information substances?
A. Neurotransmitters
B. Testosterone
C. Steroids
D. Peptides
A

D. Peptides

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7
Q 
According to Pert, which of the following are the biochemical and physiological substrates of emotion?
A. Ligands 
B. Receptors
C. The brain
D. The body
E. A and B
A

E. Ligands and Receptors

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8
Q 
According to Pert, what part of the brain contains 85-95% of the receptors studied?
A. The brainstem
B. The frontal lobe
C. The limbic system
D. The basal ganglia
A

C. The limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, limbic cortex)

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9
Q

T/F: According to Pert, most of neuronal communication occurs at the synapse with the most noteworthy path the “pleasure center”

A

False. It was found that less than 2% occurs at the synapse. Parasynaptic transmission is distributed far from synapses, occurring in the extracellular fluid allowing information substances to get to their target destinations

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10
Q

How do molecules of emotion confirm Freud’s ideas?

A

Molecules of emotion confirm Freud in the sense that “the body is the unconscious mind!” Repressed traumas can be stored in a body part
-Sensations from the bowels and the genitals and connected to the pleasure pathway “toilet training is loaded with emotional stuff”.

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11
Q 
According to Pert, what sense is very powerful, due to the limited number of synapses it has to travel?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Smell
C. Visual
D. Tactile
A

B. smell.
Sensorimotor and visual information pass through many synapses, but smell is just one synapse away from the amygdala, that’s why associations with smell are so strong and powerful!

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12
Q 
According to pert, where are memories stored in the body?
A. In the amygdala
B. In the somatic network
C. In the psychosomatic network
D. In the synapses
A

C. In the psychosomatic network

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13
Q 
How does Pert describe the relationship between emotions and memory?
A. They are separate entities
B. They are rarely intertwined
C. They are intricately intertwined
D. The are the same
A

C. They are intricately intertwined

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14
Q 
According to Pert, which of the following is true regarding reality?
A. There is no subjective reality
B. There is no objective reality
C. There is no such thing as reality
D. Reality is unclear
A

B. There is no objective reality. Emotions are fundamentally regulating our perception of reality

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15
Q 
Pert states that communication in the brain is more like what system?
A. The endocrine system
B. The CNS
C. The PNS
D. The lymphatic system
A

A. the endocrine system. “The brain is like a bag of hormones”

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16
Q

T/F: According to Pert, the different systems of the body (endocrine, immune, nervous system) are all part of different networks in the body

A

False. all joined to each other in a a multidirectional network of communication, linked by information carriers known as nueropeptides

17
Q

Which of the following does Pert not agree with?
A. The mind and body are connected
B. The brain is full of hormones
C. Intelligence is located only in the mind
D. Pert agrees with all of the above

A

C.

Pert states that intelligence is not just located in the mind, but distributed throughout the body

18
Q 
According to Pert, where do viruses enter our bodies?
A. Through our minds
B. Through ligands
C. Through peptide receptor sites
D. Through hormones
A

C. Through peptide receptor sites

  • Because viruses and neuropeptides enter a cell through the same receptors, the quantity of natural peptide available to bind impacts the virus’ ability to enter the cell (Pert, 1997, p. 190)
  • Explains varying susceptibilities among individuals
19
Q

According to Pert, how can we condition our immune systems?

A

-In order to prevent this disturbance and blockage of the flow of peptides, Pert (1997) highlights the importance of being in tune with one’s emotions and expressing them whether they be happy or sad, so long as they are honest

20
Q 
Pert states that studies have shown that cancer is the result of...
A. Failure to meditate
B. A lack of nutrients
C. Failure to express emotions
D. A lack of close relationships
A

C. Failure to express emotions

21
Q 
Pert stresses which of the following as being important for self-care:
A. Enough sleep
B. Supportive relationships
C. Ignoring our emotions
D. Acknowledging our emotions
A

D. Acknowledging our emotions, positive and negative

22
Q 
Pert offers all except which of the following as ways to lead more healthy lifestyles
A. Tapping into your dreams
B.Getting in touch with your body
C.Reducing stress e.g., meditation, self-honestly, play
D. Exercise
E. Eating wisely
F. Avoid substance abuse
G. count calories
A

G. Count calories

23
Q

T/F: Pert agrees with past scholars that spirituality should be left out of medicine

A

False. Pert feels there is no scientific reason to leave spirituality out of medicine

  • Forgiveness is key Christian concept, but also body mind concept
  • Advocates storytelling, hypnotherapy, neurolinguistic programming, expressive therapies
  • Stress may result from spiritual isolation
24
Q

According to Pert, what do people experience when “ neuropeptides are open and flowing freely throughout the psychosomatic network, integrating and coordinating our system, organs and cells in smooth rhythmic movement” (Pert, 1997, p. 265)

a. Lifestyle Redesign
b. Neurotransmitters and Steroids
c. The Subconscious
d. Happiness
e. Anxiety

A

d. happiness

25
Q 
According to Pert, which peptide was the first to be proven by scientific research to act on opiate receptors, is naturally produced in the body, and provides feelings of euphoria and pain-relief?
A. Endorphins
B. Morphine
C. Naloxone
D. Fentanyl
E. Codeine
A

A. endorphins

26
Q 
According to Pert, all of the following EXCEPT \_\_\_\_\_\_ leads to stress and sickness.
A. unresolved thoughts
B. repressed emotions
C. negativity
D. exercise
A

D. exercise

27
Q 
According to Pert, all of the following EXCEPT\_\_\_\_ will help keep one balanced and continue the free flow of information and feedback loops.
A.    prescription medication
B.    avoiding substance abuse
C.     tapping into your dreams
D.    eating wisely
A

A. prescription medication

28
Q

In Dr. Pert’s book, Molecules of Emotions, she explains how alternative medicine such as meditation, mindfulness, yogic breathing, and biofeedback, can:

a. Increase awareness
b. Reduce stress
c. Improve mood
d. Help enter the mind-body conversation
e. All of the above

A

E. all of the above

29
Q

According to Dr. Pert in her book Molecules of Emotions, the _______ model is seen as “forces attacking the body, making us helpless victims, incapable of any response outside of high-tech medical treatments.”

a. Holistic
b. Reductionist
c. Biomedical
d. Psychological

A

b. reductionist

30
Q

Molecules of emotion help us do which of the following:
A. Decide what to remember and what to forget
B. Choose what stimuli to pay attention to
C. Determine what becomes a conscious thought
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above

A

E. all of the above

31
Q 
Pert describes the following stress-reducing technique(s) in her 8 part program:
A. Meditation
B. Habit of Self-Honestly
C. Play
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

32
Q

Throughout her novel Molecules of Emotion, Pert (1997) emphasizes that:
A. The body and mind are not separate, but are one system coordinated by emotions
B. The body and mind are separate, but are both important
C. We should only focus on the mind and emotions
D. We should only focus on the body and emotions
E. None of the above

A

A. the body and mind are not separte, but are one system coordinated by emotions

33
Q

What is the “neurocentric assumption” about emotions that Pert (1997) thinks is wrong
and/or incomplete?
a. Emotions are controlled only by certain areas of the brain.
b. Emotions are controlled by multiple systems throughout the body in addition to
the brain.
c. Anger is a “negative emotion” and should never be expressed.
d. A & B
e. None of the above

A

A. emotions are controlled only by certain areas of the brain

34
Q

What does Pert (1997) believe about the connection between emotions and health?
a. When emotions are expressed, all systems are united and made whole.
b. When emotions are repressed or denied, pathways get blocked and stop the flow
of chemicals that run both our biology and behavior.
c. All emotions are healthy.
d. There are no “bad” emotions.
e. All of the above.

A

E. all of the above

35
Q

According to Pert (1997), which of the following can be considered a type of ligand?

a. Neurotransmitters
b. Steroids
c. Peptides
d. A & B
e. A, B, & C

A

E. Neurotransmitters, steroids, peptides

36
Q

According to Dr. Candace Pert, all of the following describe “body-mind theory” EXCEPT:
A. A more holistic way to think about health and disease
B. Molecules of emotion run every system in the body to make an “intelligence” wise enough to seek wellness
C. A theory grounded in “Western science”
D. Molecules of emotion are inseparable from physiology

A

C. A theory grounded in Western science

37
Q

Which of these would Dr. Candace Pert consider to fit a “healthy lifestyle?”
A. Ignore feelings of anger, grief, and fear
B. Being sure to keep a regular schedule of prescription drugs
C. Engaging in physical activities like exercise, yoga, and meditation
D. Satisfy hunger cravings; (i.e. if craving a hamburger, eat a hamburger)

A

C. Engaging in physical activities like exercise, yoga, and meditation

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way in which Dr. Pert proposes that individuals can tune into their mind-body connection and affect their health?
A. Becoming conscious
B. Avoiding the intake of exogenous compounds
C. Exercising
D. Eating wisely

A

B. Avoiding the intake of exogenous compounds

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