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Social Psych > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is social influence?

A

The process of inducing change in other people

Attitudes and behaviour are influenced by real and implied presence of other people

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2
Q 
What do:
Obedience
Compliance 
Conformity 
result from?
A
  • Obedience - Results from direct orders and involves legitimate power
  • Compliance - Just because we’re asked - can involve different types of power
  • Conformity - more subtle, comes from norms
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3
Q

Social influence exists on a continuum. What is on the continuum

A

Obedience, Compliance, conformity | Independence, Assertiveness, Defiance

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4
Q

What is Obedience effected by?

A

The proximity and legitimacy of the authority/person (milgrams electric shock)

Proximity of victim (cyber bullying)

The degree of social support for either obedience or disobedience (Milgrams participants received social support)

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5
Q

What studies are related to Obedience?

A

Milgrams Seminal work - Electric Shock

Phillip Zimbardo - Stamford Prison Experiment

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6
Q

Why was it challenging for participants in Milgrams experiment to stop delivering the electric shocks?

A
  1. The fast-paced nature of the experiment,
  2. The fact that the shock levels increased in small increments,
  3. Their loss of a feeling of personal responsibility.
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7
Q

What is an Agentic State?

A

A frame of mind thought by Milgram to characterise unquestioning obedience, in which people transfer personal responsibility to the person giving orders

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8
Q

What is Conformity?

A

A change in one’s behaviour due to the real or imagined influence of other people. E.g you still stop at red lights at 2am when no one is around.

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9
Q

Why do people conform?

A
  • Don’t know what to do in confusing situation
  • behaviour of others serves as a cue of how to act
  • do not wish to be ridiculed for being different
  • act as they are expected to act
  • Group Norms
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10
Q

Experiment related to conformity?

A

Elevator exp

Two doors for men & women

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11
Q

Is conformity maintained by power?

A

no, involves acceptance and conversion as well as perceived validity of social norms. Need to have confidence that it is the norm. We accept and follow it through and are happy to do so when we believe it’s right

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12
Q

individual factors that make it more likely for People to conform conform when they:

A
  • Have a lower IQ
  • Are situationally focused (rather than internally focused)
  • Are high self-monitors
  • Are socially anxious
  • Are fearful of criticism
  • Have a high desire for social approval
  • Have a high need for affiliation
  • Feel they have low status in the group
  • Are from a collectivist (rather than individualist) culture
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13
Q

Situational factors that make it more likely for people to conform include:

A
  • The group is larger
  • The group is unanimous – everyone else doing it
  • The group members are considered competent
  • Friends are in the group
  • They feel valued by the group
  • They believe assignment to the groups is based on shared characteristics
  • The group has a high level of status/prestige
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14
Q

What are the two underlying processes of conformity?

A

1 - informational Influence

2 - normative influence

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15
Q

What is informational Social Influence underlying conformity?

A
  • Occurs when people experience subjective uncertainty
  • “True” influence
  • if we look around and no one else knows what to do we will look around us and try and gather some information and decide for ourselves
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16
Q

What is normative influence underlying conformity?

A
  • The goal is social approval and acceptance
  • occurs when the group has power to punish/reward
  • Public Compliance
  • We conform because it’s easier and we don’t want to stand out
17
Q

What are examples of informational social influence?

A

Don’t know how to address your professor. e.g. mr. professor, James etc. Look at what others do
Asch’s conformity Experiment - lying about the length of a line on paper when the other people do

18
Q

What concept suggests that the influence of other people leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behaviour and that we conform because we believe that others interpretation of ambiguous events are more correct than our own?

A

Informational social influence - our need to know what is right

19
Q

What is public compliance?

A

Conforming to other peoples behaviour publicly without necessarily believing in what we are doing or saying

20
Q

What is Private acceptance?

A

conforming to other peoples behaviour out if a genuine believe that what they are doing or saying is right.

21
Q

What underlying process of conformity often leads to private acceptance?

A

Informational social influence

22
Q

What is the relationship between conformity and task importance? And an example?

A

Even for judgments for the utmost importance, such as picking someone out in a line up, informational social influence influences our perceptions. The bigger the crowd, the more likely we are to conform

23
Q

What is Mass Psychogenic Illness?

A

the occurrence, in a group of people, of similar physical symptoms with no known physical cause – gas leak in school, one teacher thought it happened and complaining of headache etc. everyone else started to do the same but there was actually no leak.

24
Q

What role does to media play in Mass psychogenic Illness and other forms of conformity?

A

They can spread it e.g. via scary news stories, or stop it from spreading.

25
Q

What is informational social influence?

A

a psychological phenomenon where people assume the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior for a given situation.

26
Q

When will people conform to informational social influence?

A

When the situation is a crisis - don’t have time to process, panic

OR

ambiguous. The more the ambiguity, the higher the chance of conformity

OR

When people are experts - passenger looks to flight attendant to guidance when smoke appears on flight

27
Q

How can you resist social influence?

A

Ask yourself critical questions

do others actions seem sensible

28
Q

What is Normative Social Influence? And why does it occur?

A

wherein a person conforms to be liked or accepted by others.

related to social norms

we are a social species and need to fit in. Other people are important to our wellbeing. Being deprived of human contact is stressful and traumatic

29
Q

Does normative social influence always lead to private acceptance

A

No, we might just do things to fit in, even if we know it’s wrong. Does lead to public compliance

30
Q

Normative Social Influence: Group norms have the strongest effects when:

A

There is a high importance connected to the group - need to fit in.

The immediate group size is 3-4 people (higher numbers don’t make significant differences)

In a collectivistic group

31
Q

What is minority influence and it’s implications?

A

if a minority sticks together, remains consistent and cohesive they can make change. e.g. gun laws.

People may yield to the majority in public but accept minority position on private

32
Q

Whats the difference between descriptive and injunctive norms ?

A

Descriptive - What we perceive to happen - you’re told it’s a norm
injunctive - What we perceive society should be. more instinctive, no one tells us

33
Q

Obedience to Authority

A

Obedience is a social norm, without it there would be chaos. We are socialized to obey authority and we internalise it. We obey even when authority is not present

34
Q

Examples of Obedience

A

Holocaust

youtube clip - man with badge, woman stole wallet and other woman drugged actor

35
Q

What percentage of participants delivered full shock in Milgrams study?

A

62%

36
Q

What percentage continued to deliver shock after they knew the learner was uncomfortable?

A

80%

Social Psych (6 decks)

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