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Specialized Gen Rad > Week 8 - Intraoral > Flashcards

Week 8 - Intraoral Flashcards

1
Q

what do periapical images show

A

2 - 4 teeth & surrounding alveolar bones

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2
Q

what is the IR positioning for anterior teeth

A

vertical position and include 2-3mm beyond incisal surface

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3
Q

what is the IR positioning for posterior teeth

A

horizontal position and include 2-3mm beyond occlusal surface

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4
Q

why should receptor be parallel to tooth

A

proper geometry & no distortion/overlap

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5
Q

what are the anatomical restrictions that prevent IR from being placed directly in contact with tooth

A

slope of palate
maxillary tori
long roots

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6
Q

why is long cone used for parallel technique

A

prevents magnification & long focal spot to skin distance; long SID = low magnification

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7
Q

what do bite blocks include

A

sensor / film / PSP holder

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8
Q

what makes beam aiming component

A

aiming rings & indicator arms

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9
Q

what is the film positioning for parallel technique

A

vertically parallel to long axis of tooth
horizontally parallel to arch tangent

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10
Q

where is receptor placed usually

A

at midline for increased comfort & true parallelism

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11
Q

patient positioning for periapical

A
  1. head supported & occlusal plane horizontal to floor
  2. drape thyroid shield
  3. receptor + sensor in mouth
  4. teeth to be radiographed must touch bite block
  5. bite gently & make EE sound
  6. aiming ring close to but not touching patient’s face
  7. PID aligned to aiming ring + rod
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12
Q

what is the purpose of aiming ring

A

check alignment from top & side for horizontal & vertical angulation error respectively

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13
Q

why must teeth to be radiographed must touch bite block

A

ensures apices captured

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14
Q

what is the cotton roll placement for periapical

A

mandibular = against occlusal surface
maxillary = below bite block touching occlusal surface

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15
Q

advantages of periapical

A
  • geometrically accurate for teeth, periapical tissues, periodontal bone level
  • holders helps with: reproducibility, horizontal/vertical angulation, avoid cone cutting if centered properly
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16
Q

disadvantages of periapical

A

not possible for shallow floor of mouth / palate, torus palatinus

difficult to position for those with gag reflex, lower 3rd molar

uncomfortable for patient esp posterior teeth

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17
Q

PA holder assembly steps

A
  1. correct holder set
  2. visualize IR & bite block in relation to teeth
  3. decide which side of bite block rod should be placed such that it doesn’t interfere with cheek
  4. place ring over rod to complete set-up
  5. IR in place & dot in slot for PAs (not side with words)
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18
Q

use of radiography for endodontics

A

determines correct working length for root canal treatment
- pre & post op
- root canal filling / obturation
- estimating working length

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19
Q

when is bisecting angle technique used

A

when anatomical variants prevents use of parallel technique

20
Q

how does bisecting angle technique work

A

beam aligned to plane that bisects teeth & IR @ right angle

21
Q

horizontal angulation for bisecting angle

A

CR aimed through interproximal contact area to prevent overlapping

determined by arch shape & teeth position

22
Q

vertical angulation for bisecting angle

A

bisecting angle between long axis of tooth & receptor

23
Q

advantages of bisecting angle

A
  • greater comfort
  • fewer anatomical limits
  • ease of IR positioning
  • holder optional
24
Q

disadvantages of bisecting angle

A
  • distorted image
  • incorrect vertical angulation = foreshortening/elongation
  • incorrect horizontal angulation = crown & root overlap = limits detection of proximal cavities
  • operator dependent = hard to reproduce
25
Q

if overlapping of proximal structures seen, what is the issue

A

incorrect horizontal angulation

26
Q

if teeth appear elongated, what is the error

A

too shallow vertical angulation

27
Q

if teeth appear foreshortened, what is the error

A

too steep vertical angulation

28
Q

purpose of bitewing

A

shows premolar & molars

29
Q

why is vertical > horizontal for BW

A

better to detect moderate-severe periodontal disease

30
Q

objective of BW

A
  • interproximal & occlusal surface of enamel
  • enamel dentine junction
  • alveolar crestal bone levels
31
Q

what is the positioning for BW

A
  1. IR centrally within holder
  2. teeth & IR in contact
  3. IR parallel to teeth alignment in arch
  4. horizontal beam perpendicular to IR
    vertical beam angled 5 - 8 degrees caudal to even out vertical axis of upper & lower teeth
32
Q

why is vertical beam angled 5 - 8 degrees caudal

A

to compensate for curve of Monson

33
Q

what are the different teeth arches

A

U-shape, V-shape, square-shape

34
Q

why is rectangular collimation better than circular collimation

A

5x less dose

35
Q

when can rectangular not be used

A

for occlusal / angulation radiation due to being too restrictive

36
Q

advantages of BW

A

simple
automatically determines horizontal & vertical angles
avoids cone cutting if beam centered properly

37
Q

disadvantages of BW

A

not reproducible
not suited for children
uncomfortable when using solid state digital sensors

38
Q

BW patient positioning

A
  1. head supported & occlusal plane horizontal to floor
  2. drape thyroid shield
  3. receptor + sensor in lingual sulcus
  4. anterior edge of IR distal to lower canine
  5. bite gently & make EE sound
  6. aiming ring close to but not touching patient’s face
  7. tube aligned to holder & expose
39
Q

BW image critique

A
  1. must include #3d to #7d
  2. if #8d erupted, include contact between 7/8
  3. occlusal plane in middle of image to include maxillary & mandibular crowns & cervical parts of roots
  4. visible maxillary & mandibular alveolar crests
40
Q

premolar BW IR placement

A

anterior border extends to #3d & include distal surfaces of canine/premolar contact

41
Q

molar BW IR placement

A

posterior border extends 2mm beyond distal surfaces of most posterior erupted tooth

42
Q

where should embossed dot of IR always be

A

at maxillary teeth for BWs

43
Q

what is the image critique for premolar BW

A

must show distal surfaces of maxillary & mandibular canines

no overlap of distal surfaces of 1st premolar with mesial surface of 2nd premolar

44
Q

image critique for molar BW

A

must show distal surfaces of 2nd premolar to complete terminal molars on each side of mouth

no overlap of distal surfaces of 1st maxillary molar & mesial surface of 2nd molars

45
Q

which procedure requires cotton rolls

A

periapical; BW does not need

Specialized Gen Rad (13 decks)

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