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DRG1004 > Week 9 - Abdomen > Flashcards

Week 9 - Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different body habitus for abdomen

A

50% Sthenic
35% Hypothenic
10% Asthenic
5% Hypersthenic

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2
Q

what should you palpate for abdominal radiography

A
  • Xiphoid process
  • Lower costal margin
  • Iliac crest
  • ASIS
  • GT of Femur
  • SP
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3
Q

what are the basic projections of the abdomen

A

AP & AP KUB

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4
Q

AP KUB

A

AP Kidney, Ureters, Bladder

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5
Q

what are the additional projections of the abdomen

A

AP/PA, erect, prone

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6
Q

what are the modified projections of the abdomen

A

Left lateral Decubitus
Dorsal/Supine Decubitus

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7
Q

what are the kVp, AEC, Focus Spot of AP Abdomen & AP KUB

A

kVp = 75 - 80
AEC = All chambers
Focus spot = Broad

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8
Q

how should the patient be positioned for AP abdomen

A
  1. Patient lies supine w/ MSP perpendicular to x-ray couch
  2. Adjust ASIS till equidistant to x-ray couch
  3. Both arms rest on chest
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9
Q

what is the target for AP abdomen

A

VCR along MSP at level of LCM

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10
Q

what is the target for AP KUB

A

VCR along MSP at level of iliac crest

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11
Q

what is the collimation of AP Abdomen

A

Upper = Axilla level
Side = lateral abdominal SSTM
Lower = Collimation open to full length of IR

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12
Q

what is the collimation of AP KUB

A

Upper = collimation open to full length of IR
Side = lateral abdominal SSTM
Lower = upper border of SP

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13
Q

when should exposure be made for AP abdomen / KUB supine

A

exposure made only on arrested expiration

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14
Q

what is not seen if the ASIS are not equidistant from IR for AP abdomen & KUB

A
  1. spinous process aligned with midline of vertebral bodies
  2. symmetrical iliac wings
  3. sacrum aligned with SP
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15
Q

what is the ideal position of AP abdomen & KUB

A
  1. spinous process aligned with midline of vertebral bodies
  2. symmetrical iliac wings
  3. sacrum aligned with SP
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16
Q

what is the ideal area of AP abdomen

A
  1. both domes of diaphragm, lateral abdominal soft tissues, iliac wings included
  2. diaphragm domes located superior to 9th posterior ribs
17
Q

what is not seen if the radiograph was not taken on arrested expiration

A

Diaphragm domes are located superior to the 9th posterior ribs

18
Q

what is the ideal area of AP KUB

A
  1. 12th thoracic vertebra, lateral abdominal soft tissues, the iliac wings and symphysis pubis are included
  2. Diaphragm domes are located superior to the 9th
    posterior ribs
19
Q

what is the ideal exposure of AP abdomen & KUB

A

Psoas muscles, pedicle outline of vertebra, kidneys

20
Q

when should PA abdomen be done

A
  1. For obese patients to achieve autocompression of abdomen
  2. reduce dose to breast tissues
21
Q

when should exposure be done for AP abdomen/KUB

A

exposure made on arrested expiration; rehearse phase of respiration to minimize motion unsharpness

22
Q

what is the target of PA abdomen

A

HCR along midline of patient at level of LCM

23
Q

what is the collimation of PA abdomen

A

upper = level of axilla
side = lateral abdominal SSTM
lower = collimation open to full length of IR

24
Q

how to position patient for PA abdomen

A
  1. patient stands facing vertical bucky
  2. adjust till PSIS equidistant from bucky, and MSP perpendicular to center of bucky
  3. centre of IR adjusted to level of LCM
25
Q

if patient is unable to stand, what other projections could be done

A

AP sitting and Left Lateral Decubitus

26
Q

why is Left Lateral Decubitus done

A

to show free intraperitoneal gas against liver without confusing with gastric fundus air

27
Q

how long should patient be erect or on the side for decubitus for

A

minimum 5 mins before exposure

28
Q

what is the target of left lateral decubitus

A

HCR center to IR, at level of LCM

29
Q

how to position patient for dorsal decubitus projection

A
  1. patient lies supine with MSP perpendicular to x-ray couch, ASIS equidistant from x-ray couch
  2. both arms raised above head
  3. HCR along mid-axillary line at level of LCM
30
Q

what is the image critique of left lateral decubitus abdomen

A
  • upper & lower region = diaphragm & ASIS
  • vertebral column aligned to centre of image
  • R & L iliac wings are equal in shape & size
  • diaphragm, ribs and gas shadow margins appear sharp
  • overall exposure & density is lesser than supine abdomen to better visualize air fluid levels & intra-abdominal air if present
31
Q

what is the image critique of dorsal decubitus abdomen

A
  • diaphragm & vertical outlines included
  • R & L iliac wings are equal in shape & size
  • diaphragm, ribs and gas shadow margins appear sharp
  • overall exposure & density should visualize soft tissue structures within abdomen esp calcification
32
Q

what causes pneumoperitoneum

A
  1. perforation of peptic ulcer, bowl, stomach
  2. trauma
  3. post surgery
33
Q

what are the exposure factors for AP abdomen / KUB

A
  1. 75 - 80 kVp
  2. all AEC chambers
  3. 35 x 43 cm cassette
  4. Broad focus spot
34
Q

what are the exposure factors for dorsal decubitus

A
  1. 75 - 85 kVp
  2. center chamber / optional
  3. 35 x 43 cm cassette
  4. Broad focus spot
35
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureters, bladder

DRG1004 (12 decks)

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