weight management

Question 1

What is Subcutaneous fat

Answer 1

The fat just beneath the skin; critical for normal body functioning.

Question 2

What is Visceral Fat

Answer 2

The fat inside the abdominal wall and around the internal organs; an excess leads to a greater risk of heart disease, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.

Question 3

What is Ectopic Fat

Answer 3

The fat inside the abdominal wall and around the internal organs; an excess leads to a greater risk of heart disease, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.

Question 4

One kilogram of body fat is equal to

Answer 4

7000 calories

Question 5

percent body fat

Answer 5

The percentage of total body weight that is composed of fat.

Question 6

overweight

Answer 6

Body weight that falls above the recommended range for good health; a body mass index greater than or equal to 25kg/m2.

Question 7

obesity

Answer 7

The condition of having an excess of non-essential body fat; having a body mass index of 30kg/m2 or greater.

Question 8

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 8

A measure of relative body weight that takes height into account and is highly correlated with more direct measures of body fat; calculated by dividing total body weight (in kilograms) by the square of height (in metres).

Question 9

body image

Answer 9

The mental representation a person holds about their body at any given moment in time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions about the body.

Question 10

female athlete triad

Answer 10

A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns and excessive exercising, followed by lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and decreased bone density (premature osteoporosis).

Question 11

amenorrhea

Answer 11

The absence of menstruation.

Question 12

resting metabolic rate (RMR)

Answer 12

The energy required to maintain vital body functions, including respiration, heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure, while the body is at rest.

Question 13

eating disorder

Answer 13

A serious disturbance in eating patterns or eating-related behaviour, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight or body fat.

Question 14

anorexia nervosa

Answer 14

An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; self-starvation.

Question 15

purge

Answer 15

The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten and that the person fears will produce weight gain.

Question 16

bulimia nervosa

Answer 16

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging—overeating and then using compensatory behaviours, such as vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise, to prevent weight gain.

Question 17

binge-eating disorder

Answer 17

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and a lack of control over eating behaviour in general.

Question 18

other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED)

Answer 18

Previously known as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The OSFED classification was created to include individuals who did not meet explicit diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa but still experienced a marked eating disorder. While often considered a “catch-all” category and sometimes viewed as less harmful, OSFED/EDNOS is a serious, life-threatening, and treatable eating disorder.

Question 19

Obesity in Canada

Answer 19

~64% of adults are overweight
or obese
~30% of children 5-17 are overweight or
obese
~67% of indigenous adults are overweight
or obese

Question 20

Risks of Excess Body Fat

Answer 20

Obesity reduces life expectancy by up to 14
years; causes 1/10 premature adult deaths
Increases risk for everything

Question 21

Essential fat for men and women

Answer 21

3% of male weight
12% of female weight
* Essential for reproductive capacity
* Hormonally-determined
* Not associated with health risk

Question 22

Android vs. gynoid shape

Answer 22

male fat distribution is android female is gynoid (apple vs pear)

Question 23

BMI

Answer 23

Weight in kg/ Height in m squared
simplest measure
but doesn’t consider body composition or fat distribution

Question 24

Energy Balance Equation

Answer 24

energy input – energy output = +ve/-ve energy balance

Question 25

Ideal weight

Answer 25

the weight at which one’s
health risk is lowest

Question 26

Guidelines for Sound Weight Control

Answer 26

1. Sensible Diet
2. Change in Eating Habits
3. Psychological Modification
4. Physical Activity