welcome to sport and excercise psychology

Question 1

describe what sport and excercise psychology is:

Answer 1

the scientific study of people and their behaviours in sport and excercise activities and the practical applications of that knowledge

Question 2

what do sport and excercise specialists do?

Answer 2

Seek to understand and help elite athletes, children, people with physical or mental disabilities, seniors, and recreational participants achieve maximum participation, personal satisfaction, and development through participation.

Question 3

what are the different roles a sport and excercise psychologists can take?

Answer 3

• Research role= conducting research to advance knowledge in sport and exercise psychology.
• Teaching role= at universities in psychology/ sports science degrees.
• Consulting role= working alongside individual athletes/ teams to enhance their performance (psychologically and physiologically).

Question 4

what are the specialities of sport and excercise psychology?

Answer 4

• Clinical sports psychologist:
• Extensive psychological training
• Detect and treat individuals with emotional disorders.
• Licensed by state boards to treat people with emotional disorders and have received additional training in sports psychology (e.g.: eating disorders and substance use disorders)
• Educational sport psychology specialists:
• Extensive training in sport and exercise science, physical education, and kinesiology.
• Understand psychology of human movement.
• Advanced gradate training in psychology
• Not trained to treat individuals with emotional disorders but would refer them to a specialist (clinical ports psychologist).
• Act as a “mental coach”
• Address: anxiety management, confidence development, improved communication
• Not licensed psychologists or counsellors.

Question 5

what training is required of a sport and excercise psychologist?

Answer 5

• Have a masters/doctoral degree in an area related to sports science/psychology.
• Have taken coursework related to the knowledge areas in sports psychology, sports science, professional ethics, psychopathology, helping relationships, research methods and statistics, psychological foundations of behaviour, and diversity and culture.
• Have 400 hours of mentored experience.
• Pledge to adhere to the AASP ethical standards.
• Achieve a passing score on a 115-question multiple-choice exam (AASP, 2020)

Question 6

what are the major developments within the “early years” of sports psychology?

Answer 6

1983-1919 (period 1)
* Triplett’s study (facilitation of cyclists): children reeled in more fishing line when they worked with another child in comparison to on their own.
* E.W. Scripture (yale psychologist) thought sport was a great way for psychology to be seen as a science- number of lab studies on reaction and muscle movement.
* Worked with William Anderson (first physical educator in America)

Question 7

what are the major developments in “the development of laboratories and psychological testing” for sports psychology

Answer 7

1920-1938 (period 2)
* Coleman Griffith (founding father of American sports psychology). Wrote “psychology of coaching” and “psychology of athletics”. Developed the first laboratory is sports psychology and one of the first coaching schools in America.
* Robert Schulte conducted research into how various psychomotor skills were learned, wrote several books. (1920)
* Avksenty Puni pioneering work in Russia

Question 8

what were the major developments in “preparation for the future” in spots psychology?

Answer 8

1939-1965 (period 3)
* Franklin Henry- sport and motor skill acquisition. Trained many students In sports psychology.
* Warren Johnson & Arthur Slatter-Hammel= created academic disciplines in sports science and sports psychology.
* Alfred Hubbard reinstated the sports psychology laboratory at university of Illinois.
* Dorothy Hazeltine Yates- first woman in USA to study and conduct research in sports psychology field developed the relaxation-set method and worked with university boxers.
* David Tracey-worked with professional basketball team and his work was widely publicised.
* John Lawther- wrote “psychology of coaching”
* ISSP set up in 1965- sponsored 15 world congress of sports psychology (Ferruccio Anonelli, first president of ISSP)

Question 9

what were the major developments in “establishment of academic sports psychology”?

Answer 9

1966-1977 (period 4)
* Sports psychology societies were established providing forums for researchers to meet and discuss their research and grow the field (NASPSPA, FEPSAC).
* Bruce Ogilvie: first sports psychology consultant to work with athletes and teams: father of North American Applied sports psychology
* John Lowther continued his work in the field and wrote his book “sports psychology”

Question 10

what were the major developments of the “multidisciplinary science and practice in sport and excercise psychology”?

Answer 10

1978-1999 (period 5)
* Dorothy Harris= first American and female to be a member of the ISSP, awarded the a Fulbright Fellowship award. first female president of the NASPSPA).

Question 11

what is the 6th period of the history of sport and excercise psychology?

Answer 11

2000- present day
- larger applications that just sport: medicine, military, music, business.