what affects enzymes

Question 1

What affects enzymes (3 factors)

Answer 1

Natural temperature, pH, osmotic pressure
Changes in the normal conditions cause enzymes to be unstable or labile.

Question 2

What happens during dentauration?

Answer 2

Weak bonds that maintain the native shape of the apoenzyme are broken
This causes disruption of the enzyme’s shape
Prevents the substrate from attaching to the active site

Question 3

Competitive inhibition

Answer 3

Inhibits enzyme activity by supplying a molecule that resembles the enzyme’s normal substrate
“Mimic” occupies the active site, preventing the actual substrate from binding.

Question 4

Noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 4

Enzymes have two binding sites: the active site and a regulatory site.
Molecules bind to the regulatory site.
Slows down enzymatic activity once a certain concentration of product is reached.

Question 5

Do enzymes last forvever?

Answer 5

NO!
Enzymes do not last indefinitely; some wear out, some are degraded deliberately, and some are diluted with each cell division
Replacement of enzymes can be regulated according to cell demand

Question 6

Genetic apparatus responsible for replacing enzymes is repressed
Response time is longer than for feedback inhibition

Answer 6

Enzyme repression:

Question 7

Enzymes appear (are induced) only when suitable substrates are present

Answer 7

Enzyme induction:

Question 8

Metabolic pathways: describe them

Answer 8

• multistep series/pathway
  -product of one rxn becomes reactant for Linear chain
  -Have branches(processing), cyclic forms, and are interconnected and merge at many sites

Question 9

What are Oxidoreductases and what are the coenzyme carriers?

Answer 9

enzymes that remove electrons from one substrate and add them to another:

Coenzyme carries are NAD & FAD

Question 10

: an electron donor and an electron acceptor involved in a redox reaction

Answer 10

Redox pair

Question 11

What do Electron carriers resemble?

Answer 11

Electron carriers resemble shuttles that are alternately loaded and unloaded, repeatedly accepting and releasing electrons and hydrogens to facilitate transfer of redox energy

Question 12

How is competetive and non-competetive inhibition utilized by pharmaceutical companies?

Answer 12

They synthesize drugs that coincidewith a competetive inhibitor or respiratory substrate

Question 13

Linear pathway

Answer 13

glycolysis

Question 14

convergent pathways=

Answer 14

amino acids