What Would Convince You? Flashcards

1
Q

Define Epistemology

A

Epistemology is the question of what to, or not to, believe.

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2
Q

Define Mysticism

A

The belief that there is an ultimate reality or spiritual truth. Mysticism appeals directly to personal experience.

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3
Q

Define Theism

A

The belief that there is a god or gods. People get answers on faith alone.

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4
Q

Define Rationalism

A

The belief that knowledge is already known but has to be unlocked.

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5
Q

Define Hermenutics

A

The act of interpreting texts.

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6
Q

Define Skepticism

A

Skepticism is the doubt of the truth or validity of something.

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7
Q

Define Empiricism

A

The idea that knowledge comes out of sensory observation. Science stems from empiricism. Rose up in 17-18th century by mainly David Hume.

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8
Q

What are the methods of coming to knowledge? (6)

A

Mysticism, Theism, Rationalism, Hermenutics, Skepticism and Empiricism.

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9
Q

What is required of science now? (4)

A

Science has to be: publicly observable, repeatable, an explanation to theories and published

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10
Q

What does mysticism stem from? (3)

A

Mysticism comes from direct experience, intuition and instinct.

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11
Q

What does theism stem from? (3)

A

The voice of God, visions and prayer

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12
Q

What is a skeptic?

A

A person who is careful about what they believe

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13
Q

What was Rene Descartes (1637) radical doubt question?

A

Descartes asked: “what proof do I have of the world, or bodies or even my own mind really exist?”

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14
Q

What is an important difference between mysticism and empiricism?

A

Mysticism values subjective experience while empiricism only values experience that can be verified by others.

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15
Q

What are the conditions that are necessary and sufficient for something to be considered traditional knowledge? (Stanford Encyclopedia)

A

Knowledge requires truth, belief and justification.

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16
Q

What is the key principal of Plato’s rationalist view of knowledge?

A

Knowledge is present at birth, and can be found through logic and reasoning.

17
Q

What is the main advantage of mysticism as a pathway to knowledge?

A

Mysticism draws on personal experience, so knowledge may feel more personally satisfying.

18
Q

What is a major difference between the religious and empirical pathway to knowledge?

A

Empiricists rely on direct sensory experience where the religious put value on the word of an authority

19
Q

What is the difference between Plato’s rationalist approach and Aristotle’s empirical approach?

A

Aristotle argued that experience of real objects and events is necessary for building valid knowledge. Plato argued that direct experience from our senses can be misleading and knowledge should be derived from logic and reasoning.

20
Q

Who founded empiricism?

A

Aristotle