Why studying lung disease is important Flashcards
What is the respiratory system?
Concerned with function and dysfunction of the lungs and structures around the lungs (pleura, chest wall and respiratory muscles), and the pulmonary vasculature
What is meant by disease burden, and relative rankings?
Disease burden: impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.
DALY, QALY
How much does lung disease cost the UK annually?
11 billion pounds
How many people do respiratory disease affect?
- 20%
- 3rd biggest cause of death
- Hospital admissions for lung disease have risen over the past seven years at three times the rate of all admissions
What lung functions may pathological processes interfere with ?
narrowing of the airways
scarring filling or destruction of the air sacs
interruption of the blood supply, by failure of the respiratory muscles
disruption of any of the control systems
What is the most common cause of lung disease death?
COPD (33%) - projected to be 3rd biggest cause ofmortaility
Pneumonia
Lung cancer
Which lung disease is the commonest?
- Asthma
- COPD
- Bronchioectasis
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Sarcoidosis
- Lung cancer
- IPF
What is the epidemiological transition of lung disease?
Increased rates (heart disease declining)
Gender switch: now kills more people than lung cancer
• Very low 5 year survivial
• Very prevalent
Deaths for asbestos related lung disease increased
What are some causes of lung diseases?
Tobacco
Biomass fuels in cooking
Naturally occuring radioactive substance e.g radon
Why would lung disease rates be improving?
less smoking
What are symptoms associated with lung disease?
shortness of breath cough sputum production the expectoration of blood stained sputum (haemoptysis) chest pain hypersomnolence. Wheeze or musical breathing Stridor Hoarseness Snoring history /Daytime sleepiness (Weight loss. Anorexia, Fever)
What are some causes of breathlessness?
• Lung Disease
• Heart Disease
• Pulmonary Vascular Disease
• Neuromuscular disease (e.g. diaphragm weakness)
• Systemic Disorders (anaemia, hyperthyroidism,
obesity)
• {Psychogenic Factors}
How are lung diseases classified?
Airway disease: localised or generalised obstruction
Small lung disorder: due to disease within or without lung
Infections
Pulmonary vascular disorders
How will lung disease treatment be improved?
Targeted investment for improving treatment and support
1/3 of exacerbated COPD did not have condition diagnosed before
What is the effect of obesity on repiratory disease?
Increased repiratory workload
Respiratory dysfunction associated with increased asthma risk and sleep related disorders
