Work and Employment

Question 1

Wood et al. (2009)

Answer 1

found that discrimination in favour of white names over equivalent applications from ethic minorities was 29% showing unfair practises in the working world

Question 2

Heath and Yu (2005)

Answer 2

found that first-generation black, Indian and Pakistani migrants faced significant ethnic penalties in terms of access to professional/managerial jobs and thus direct labour markers discrimination still exists

Question 3

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2007)

Answer 3

some ethnic minority graduates, especially women, are finding it harder to gain higher level positions in their occupations

Question 4

Davidson (1997)

Answer 4

used the term ‘concrete ceiling’ to describe the embedded discrimination that prevents ethnic minority women from being promoted whereas white women face the ‘glass ceiling’ that they can break break through but the ‘concrete ceiling’ is impenetrable