Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Agents II > Wounds > Flashcards

Wounds Flashcards

1
Q

Transepithelial Potential Difference

A

Healthy (intact) skin carriers a slightly negative charge
(Average skin potential -23.4 mV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs when skin is damaged?

A

an influx of (+) ions (Na+) interacts with (Cl-) which leads to a low-level bioelectric signal = current of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Current of Injury

A
  • Negative chloride is typically sitting on top of the skin
  • If you get it into the dermis, it is goes to shoot sodium up (+)
  • This is what signals the derived platelet factors, which bring the so on and so on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a wound create?

A
  • a low resistance pathway in which transepithelial potential (voltage) drives current out of the wound
  • All types of tissue
  • Disruption of these currents alters normal development, regeneration and wound healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Injury current –> Role of E stim

A
  • a moist wound environment is needed for the bioelectric system to function
  • Dry tissue (necrosis) and infection can block these bioelectric signals thus disrupting the signals for repair process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electrotaxis/Galvanotaxis

A
  • Directional migration of cells in an electric
    field
  • Some cells in the substratum migrate actively
    to a specific pole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which cells will migrate in an electric field

A

epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Charge

A

– When an electrically neutral atom is acted upon by an outside force lending to loss or gain of electrons
– Measured in coulomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Charge Density

A

Electrical charge per unit of cross-sectional area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Conductive Coupling

A

Electrical currents delivered directly or through a
pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a good conductive medium for superficial or small wounds

A

hydrogel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what should you use as a conductive medium for larger wounds

A

moisten the gauze with saline and pack the wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Currents for wound healing

A
  • Capacitive Coupled Electrical Currents (CCEC)
  • Low Intensity Currents (LIC)
  • Low intensity Direct Current (LIDC)
  • Microcurrents (MC)
    HVPC and LVPC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phases of Healing

A

Inflammatory
Proliferative
Epithelialization
Maturation/Remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammatory Phase

A
  • Initiates the wound repair process by its effect on the current of injury
  • Neutrophils and macrophages both have a negative charge
  • increases blood flow
  • Promotes phagocytosis
  • Enhances tissue oxygenation
  • Reduces edema perhaps from reduced microvascular leakage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of charge attracts and stimulates neutrophils and macrophages

A

positive

17
Q

infection in the inflammatory phase

A

if infection is present, neutrophils often become more positive therefore may want to utilize a negative bioelectric force

18
Q

Proliferative Phase

A
  • Stimulates fibroblasts which are positive
  • Stimulates DNA and protein synthesis
  • Increases ATP generation
  • Improves membrane transport
  • Produces better collagen matrix organization
19
Q

Epithelialization

A
  • Epithelial cells are negative
  • Stimulates epidermal cell reproduction and
    migration
20
Q

Remodeling

A
  • Produces a smoother, thinner scar
  • Stimulates wound contraction
  • Reduces scar hypertrophy
  • Mostly seen with positive bioelectric flow
21
Q

Types of wounds treated by e stim

A
  • Pressure ulcers stage I through IV
  • Diabetic ulcers due to pressure, insensitivity, and dysvascularity
  • Arterial Ulcers
  • Venous Ulcers
  • Slow healing wounds
22
Q

slow healing wounds treated by e stim

A
  • ischemic ulcers
  • vasculitic ulcers
  • donor sites
  • wound flaps
  • burn wounds
  • surgical wounds
23
Q

How e stim can help wounds

A
  • increase proliferation along wound edge
  • HVPC and increase epithelialization
  • Decreased thickness of hypertrophic scaring
24
Q

How e stim can help edema

A
  • block macromolecular leakage
  • increased perfusion
25
Q

Procedure

A
  • Irrigate wound with saline
  • fill cavity with hydrogel or saline moist gauze
  • select polarity of active electrode (depends of needs of wound)
  • monopolar set up
26
Q

Monopolar set up

A

– Place active on wound or bifurcate active lead to surround wound
– Some studies with the purpose of improving blood flow to are may use a bipolar set up but contemporary practice leans towards monopolar

27
Q

Parameters for wounds

A
  • Pulse frequency: 100 pps +/-
  • Phase duration: 20-100 microsec
  • Duration 45-60 mins, 5-7x/week
28
Q

polarity choice

A
  • Negative for antibacterial effects (neutrophil migration) and increased number and activity of fibroblasts
  • Positive for epithelialization or neutrophils and macrophages for non-infected wounds
29
Q

Amplitude - Senate

A

moderately strong tingling

30
Q

Amplitude - Insensate

A

Get muscle facilitation then decrease until it just disappears

31
Q

Precautions

A
  • some increased pain with PVD patients
  • poor sensation and known skin irritation with e stim
  • dont use with petroleum based and heavy metal dressing unless thoroughly cleaned
32
Q

contraindications

A
  • placement of electrodes close to heart
  • presence of cardiac pacemaker
  • placement of electrodes along regions of phrenic n
  • presence of malignancy
  • placement of electrodes over carotid sinus
  • placement of electrodes over the laryngeal musculature
  • placement of electrodes over osteomyelitis
  • confusion/poor response

Physical Agents II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions