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Uncategorized > Wset2: Regions and Grapes > Flashcards

Wset2: Regions and Grapes Flashcards

1
Q

Name 7 major countries producing quality Chardonnay.

A

USA, Chile, Argentina, France, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand

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2
Q

Name 2 USA regions producing quality Chardonnay.

A

(Coastal Northern California:) Sonoma, Carneros

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3
Q

Name 3 major South American regions producing quality Chardonnay.

A

(Chile:) Casablanca Valley, Central Valley. (Argentina:) Mendoza.

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4
Q

Name a major South African region producing quality Chardonnay.

A

Coastal regions, Western Cape. (e.g. Walker Bay ward)

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5
Q

Name 4 major Australian regions producing quality Chardonnay.

A

Margaret River (Western Australia), Adelaide Hills (South Australia), Yarra Valley (Victoria), South-Eastern Australia.

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6
Q

Name 3 major New Zealand regions producing quality Chardonnay.

A

Gisborne, Hawke’s Bay, Marlborough.

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7
Q

Name 3 major blends using Chardonnay?

A

Chardonnay + Semillon, Chardonnay + local varieties (Colombard, Chenin Blanc, Viognier), Chardonnay + Pinot Noir (sparkling wine)

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8
Q

Name 3 major French regions producing Chardonnay?

A

Champagne, Burgundy, Pays d’Oc IGP

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9
Q

Seven major regions in the world producing bulk Chardonnay?

A

California, Central Valley (Chile), Argentina, Pays d’Or IGP, Val de Loire IGP (France), Southern Italy, Western Cape (RSA), South-Eastern Australia

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10
Q

Three major French regions producing quality Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume, Bordeaux Blanc

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11
Q

Name 5 major world regions producing quality Sauvignon Blanc?

A

California, Chile, France, South Africa, New Zealand, (Not Argentina or Australia)

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12
Q

Major New Zealand region producing quality Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Marlborough

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13
Q

Name the major South African region producing Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Coastal regions

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14
Q

Name the three major world regions producing bulk Sauvignon Blanc?

A

USA (California), Chile (Central Valley), France (Pays d’Or IGP, Val de Loire IGP). (Not Argentina, Italy, South Africa or Australia.)

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15
Q

Name the major blend with Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Semillon + Savignon Blanc

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16
Q

Name the 4 major world regions producing Riesling?

A

Germany, France, Austria, Australia

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17
Q

Name the major world region producing bulk Riesling?

A

Germany (blended)

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18
Q

Name the 3 major German regions producing Riesling?

A

Mosel, Rheingau, Pfalz (not Baden)

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19
Q

Name the major French region producing Riesling?

A

Alsace

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20
Q

Name 2 major Australian regions producing Riesling?

A

Clare Valley, Eden Valley

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21
Q

Name 7 major world regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

USA, Chile, France, Germany, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand. (Note this includes Germany, but not Argentina.)

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22
Q

Name the major French region producing Pinot Noir? Name 6 major AC’s within that region.

A

Burgundy: Bourgogne AC, Gevrey-Chambertin AC, Nuits-Saint-Georges AC, Beaune AC, Pommard AC, Chambertin Grand Cru AC.

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23
Q

Name 2 major Australian regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula

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24
Q

Name 2 major German regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

Pfalz, Baden

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25
Q

Name 4 major American regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

Santa Barbara, Sonoma, Carneros, Oregon

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26
Q

Name 3 major New Zealand regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago

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27
Q

Name a major world region producing bulk Pinot Noir?

A

Chile

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28
Q

Name 2 major Chilean regions producing Pinot Noir?

A

Central Valley, Casablanca

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29
Q

Name a major South African region producing Pinot Noir?

A

Coastal regions

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30
Q

Name 2 common blends involving Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Cabernet + Merlot, Cabernet + Shiraz

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31
Q

Name 7 major world regions (and examples) producing premium Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

California (Napa Valley), Chile (Central Valley), Argentina (Mendoza), France (Bordeaux), South Africa (Stellenbosch), Australia (Margaret River or Coonawarra), New Zealand (Hawke’s Bay). (Note this does not include Germany or Italy.)

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32
Q

Name the major American region producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Napa Valley

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33
Q

What are 3 major Chilean regions producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Central Valley, Maipo, Rapel

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34
Q

What is the major Argentinian region producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Mendoza

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35
Q

What are 2 major Australian regions producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Coonawarra, Margaret River

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35
Q

Name the major South African region producing Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Stellenbosch

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37
Q

What are 3 major Spanish regions producing syrah/grenache?

A

Rioja, Navarra, Priorat (NPR)

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38
Q

Name the 4 major Australian regions producing syrah/grenache?

A

South Australia (Barossa, McLaren Vale), Victoria (Heathcote), New South Wales (Hunter Valley), Western Australia.

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39
Q

What is the major French region producing syrah/grenache?

A

The Rhone Valley.

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40
Q

What are the 3 major world regions producing syrah/grenache?

A

France, Spain and Australia. (Not Americas)

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41
Q

Name 3 major Northern Rhone regions producing syrah/grenache?

A

Crozes-Hermitage, Hermitage, Cote-Rotie.

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42
Q

What are 3 major blending grapes using syrah/grenache?

A

Grenache + Shiraz, Shiraz + Cabernet, Shiraz + Viognier. (CVS)

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43
Q

Name 3 major Southern Rhone regions producing syrah/grenache?

A

Cote du Rhone, Cote du Rhone Villages, Chateauneeuf-du-Pape.

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44
Q

What are 3 important grapes for sweet and fortified wines?

A

Semillon, Muscat, Riesling

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45
Q

What is the main methods of production for sherry

A

fortification after fermentation, ageing. (Spain)

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46
Q

Which sweet and fortified wines methods of production is exemplified by: fortification after fermentation, ageing

A

Sherry

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47
Q

What is the methods of production for Port, VdNs

A

fortification to interrupt fermentation, ageing

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48
Q

Which sweet and fortified wines methods of production is exemplified by: fortification to interrupt fermentation, ageing

A

Port, VdNs

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49
Q

Which sweet and fortified wines methods of production is exemplified by non-fortified premium

A

Noble rot/botrytis, icewine, shrivelled grapes

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50
Q

Which sweet and fortified wines method of production is exemplified by: Noble rot/botrytis, icewine, shrivelled grapes

A

Non-fortified premium

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51
Q

Which sweet and fortified wines methods of production is exemplified by bulk/inexpensive product?

A

Filter yeast, addition of unfermented grape juice/concentrate

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52
Q

Which fortified wines methods of production is exemplified by: Filter yeast, addition of unfermented grape juice/concentrate

A

Bulk/inexpensive

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53
Q

What are 6 main world regions for sweet and fortified wines?

A

Portugal, Spain, France, Germany, Hungary, Australia. (Not Canada?)

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54
Q

What are the 2 major French labeling terms for sweet wines?

A

Sauternes, Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

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55
Q

What is the major Spanish labeling terms for fortified wines

A

Sherry (Fino, Amontillado, Oloroso)

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56
Q

What are three German labeling terms for sweet wines

A

Beerenaulslese, Trockenbeerenaulslese, Eiswein.

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57
Q

What is the Portugese labeling term for fortified wines

A

Port (Tawny, Vintage, LBV, Ruby)

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58
Q

What is the Hungarian labeling term for sweet and fortified wines?

A

Tokaji

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59
Q

Name two Australian labeling terms for sweet wines?

A

Botrytis Semillon, Rutherglen Muscat

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60
Q

Name 2 bulk/inexpensive labeling terms for sweet and fortified wines.

A

Ruby Port, Cream Sherries

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61
Q

Name the main grape in Chablis AC.

A

Chardonnay (France)

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62
Q

Name the main grape in Meursult AC.

A

Chardonnay (France)

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63
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Maconnais?

A

Light fruity (melon, citrus) chardonnay with little or no oak. (France)

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64
Q

What are the 2 major grapes grown in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir (France)

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65
Q

What are the 2 most famous Cote de Beaune villages for Chardonnay?

A

Meursault and Puligny-Montrachet (France)

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66
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of New Zealand Chardonnay?

A

high acidity, pronounced oak

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67
Q

What grape is in Spatburgunder wine?

A

Pinot Noir. It is mentioned as “Rhenish” in Shakesperean plays, referring to a highly prized wine. (German)

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68
Q

What is the dominant grape of Valpolicella?

A

Corvina (Italy)

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69
Q

What is the dominant grape of Chianti?

A

Sangiovese (Italy)

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70
Q

What is the dominant grape of Brunello de Montalcino?

A

Sangiovese (Italy)

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71
Q

What grape is in Barolo wine?

A

Nebbiolo (Italy)

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72
Q

What grape is in Barbaresco wine?

A

Nebbiolo (Italy)

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73
Q

Name 2 common wines made from Nebbiolo grape.

A

Barolo and Barbaresco (Italy)

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74
Q

Name 2 common wines made from Sangiovese grape.

A

Brunello de Montalcino, Chianti (Italy)

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75
Q

What grape is in Beaujolais wine?

A

Gamay (France)

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76
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Beaujolais wine?

A

light and medium bodied, unoaked, medium or high acidity, low tannin and pronounced red fruit (raspberry or cherry) aromas (France)

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77
Q

Name 2 age worthy Beaujolais appellations.

A

Morgon AC and Moulin-a-Vent AC (“windmill”) Others include Fleurie AC and Brouilly AC (France)

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78
Q

Name the 3 main grapes in Alsace.

A

Riesling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris. Minor grapes include Pinot Blanc and Muscat. (France)

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79
Q

Name 3 main areas of Loire Valley.

A

The Central Vineyards, Touraine, The Nantais (France)

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80
Q

What are the 2 main appellations of the Central Vineyards of Loire Valley?

A

Sancerre AC and Pouilly-Fume AC (France)

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81
Q

What is the main grape of the Central Vineyards of Loire Valley?

A

Sauvignon Blanc (France)

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82
Q

What is the main grape of Touraine of the Loire Valley?

A

Chenin Blanc (France)

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83
Q

What is the premium appelation of Touraine of the Loire Valley?

A

Vouvray AC (France)

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84
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Vouvray AC wine?

A

Medium bodied, medium sweetness, high acidity, unoaked with citrus, green and tropical fruit (France)

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85
Q

Name 4 grapes susceptible to noble rot.

A

Chenin Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Semillon

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86
Q

What is the main grape of the Nantais of Loire Valley?

A

Melon Blanc (Muscadet AC - France)

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87
Q

What is the main grape of Muscadet of Loire Valley?

A

Melon Blanc (from Nantais in the Loire Valley, France)

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88
Q

What are the 2 main grapes used in the Rhone Valley?

A

Syrah and Grenache (France)

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89
Q

Name 3 appelations in the Northern and 3 in the Southern Rhone Valley?

A

Northern Rhone: Cozes-Hermitage AC, Hermitage AC, Cotie-Rotie AC. Southern Rhone: Chateauneuf-du-Pape AC, Cotes du Rhone AC, Cotes du Rhone Village AC (France)

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90
Q

What kind of producer is a domaine?

A

A domaine is a producer that makes wines from their own vineyards, rather than buying grapes, juice or wine.

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91
Q

What is the most largely produced red grape in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot (France)

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92
Q

What are the 2 major white grapes in Bordeaux?

A

Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon (France)

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93
Q

What is the origin of the Pinotage grape?

A

It was bred in South Africa in 1925 as a cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsaut

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94
Q

What are the 3 base wines in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier (France)

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95
Q

What is the main red wine from the Veneto?

A

Valpolicella (Corvina grape - Italy)

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96
Q

What is the main grape in Valpolicella wine?

A

Corvina (Italy) [not Cortese]

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97
Q

What is the unusual wine making step that distinguishes Amarone della Valpolicalla DOCG?

A

The use of partially dried grapes. (Italy)

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98
Q

What part of Italy do many of the “super-Tuscans” come from?

A

Bolgheri DOC (Tuscan coast south of Pisa)

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99
Q

What area of Italy does Soave wine come from?

A

Veneto.

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100
Q

What area of Italy does Valpolicella wine come from?

A

Veneto.

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101
Q

What area of Italy does Barbaresco wine come from?

A

Piemonte.

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102
Q

What area of Italy does Barolo wine come from?

A

Piemonte.

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103
Q

What area of Italy does Gavi wine come from?

A

Piemonte.

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104
Q

What area of Italy does Chianti wine come from?

A

Tuscany.

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105
Q

What 2 areas of Italy do the best Pinot Grigio come from?

A

Trentino and Friuli

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106
Q

What part of Italy is Puglia located in?

A

South, the heel of the boot.

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107
Q

What part of Italy is Taurasi made in?

A

Campania, near Napoli

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108
Q

What grape is Taurasi made from?

A

Aglianico (Corruption of “Ellenico” or Greek, Italy)

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109
Q

Name 3 local varieties from Southern Italy.

A

Primitivo, Aglianico, Negroamaro, Uva di Troia, Greco di Tufo (white), Fiano (white), Piedirosso, Falanghina (white), Malvasia Nera.

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110
Q

Pinto Blanco (Pinot Blanc) is made primarily in which Italian area?

A

Fruili (Italy)

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111
Q

Southern Italy’s Primitivo is the same variety as which American grape?

A

Zinfindel

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112
Q

Pinot Blanc (Pinot Bianco) is similar in style to which American grape?

A

Unoaked Chardonnay (mainly found in Friuli, Italy)

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113
Q

What part of Italy is most of the Verdicchio produced?

A

Marche (Verdicchio dei Castelli di Jesi DOC) near Assisi in Eastern Central Italy.

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114
Q

What grape is Soave made from?

A

Garganega (Italy)

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115
Q

What grape is Gavi made from?

A

Cortese (Italy) [not Corvina]

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116
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Soave?

A

light in body, unoaked, with tasting notes of chamomile and iris (Italy)

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117
Q

What are the characteristics of Gavi?

A

light, high acid with tasting notes of candied fruit and citrus (Italy)

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118
Q

What is the most widely planted Italian white grape variety?

A

Trebbiano, usually blended

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119
Q

Name the major French region producing Chardonnay? Name 7 major AC’s within that region.

A

Burgundy. Bourgongne AC, Chablis AC, Puligny-Montrachet AC, Meursault AC, Montrachet Grand Cru AC, Macon AC, Pouilly-Fuisse AC.

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120
Q

What are the 3 main sources of Chardonnay in Burgundy?

A

Chablis, the Cote d’Or and the Maconnais.

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121
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Chablis?

A

usually unoaked, bone-dry, high acidity with green fruit and citrus notes

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122
Q

What is the main characteristic of the soil of Chablis?

A

Limestone which imparts smokey, flinty, mineral signature.

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123
Q

What area is considered the heart of Burgundy?

A

Cote d’Or

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124
Q

What is southern half of Cote d’Or called?

A

Cote de Beaune

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125
Q

What are the two most famous villages in the Cote de Beaune for Chardonnay?

A

Meursault and Puligny-Montrachet

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126
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Pouilly-Fuisse?

A

Full bodied Chardonnay with tropical fruit and oak flavors

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127
Q

Name the 3 major Australian regions producing hot climate Shiraz?

A

Barossa Valley, Hunter Valley, McLaren Vale

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128
Q

Name the major Australian region producing moderate climate Shiraz?

A

Heathcote

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129
Q

Where is Pouilly-Fuisse located?

A

Burgundy, in the south of Maconnais

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130
Q

What grape is in Pouilly-Fuisse? and in Pouilly-Fume?

A

Chardonnay. Sauvignon Blanc

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131
Q

What does AVA stand for?

A

American Viticultural Area (not Vineyard nor Association)

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132
Q

In California, what % of wine must come from the vintage on the label?

A

85% of the blend must come from the stated year. If it is an AVA wine, it must be 95%.

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133
Q

In California, what % of wine must come from California?

A

100%

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134
Q

What % of a varietal must come from within the following California AVA / County appellations on the label?

A

75% of the blend must come from the stated county. If it is an AVA wine, it must be 85%. (It is not clear if the word “varietal” is correct. It might be better to say the “sourced grapes.”)

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135
Q

California wines using a varietal name must derive what % of their volume from the grape designated?

A

75%

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136
Q

California wines using a vineyard name must derive what % of their grapes from the vineyard designated?

A

95%

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137
Q

What variance of the stated alcohol content is allowed in California wines?

A

+/- 1.0% if > 14%

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138
Q

What variance of the stated alcohol content in California wines is allowed for “Table Wine”?

A

+/- 1.5% if <=14 %

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139
Q

California wines “produced and bottled by” must ferment what % of the grapes at that address?

A

75%

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140
Q

Does California allow chaptalization and acidification?

A

Legend: California allows acidification and makes chaptalization illegal. France, on the other hand, allows chaptalization and makes acidification illegal. Truth: Acidification is legal in California and some parts of France. Chaptalization is illegal in California.

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141
Q

What is chaptalization?

A

Chaptalization is the process of adding sugar to unfermented grape. It is not intended to make the wine sweeter, but rather to provide more sugar for the yeast to ferment into alcohol.

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142
Q

In what area would you find the Hunter Valley?

A

Hunter Valley, is a region of New South Wales, Australia, about 100 miles north of Sidney

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143
Q

What is acidification?

A

Acidification is a process by which acid is added to a wine to boost whatever natural levels of acidity are in the wine.

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144
Q

Where is Margaret River?

A

Margaret River is a town in the southwest of Western Australia,

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145
Q

Under Australian law, if a single varietal appears on the label, what is the minimum content from that grape variety in the wine?

A

85%

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146
Q

The flattest, driest continent in the world with the oldest, most depleted soils on our planet.

A

Australia

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147
Q

The soil of Australia is leached, acidic and saline with a ______ potassium content.

A

high

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148
Q

Australia’s per capita wine production is more than ______ times greater than that of the US.

A

five, which highlights the importance of the export market.

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149
Q

How many indigenous grapevines does Australia have?

A

None. The Aboriginal people were one of the few cultures on the planet that never developed a tradition of fermented drink.

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150
Q

Wine is made in all of Austraila’s states and territories, but production is concentrated in the ______________ quadrant and in the extreme ______________ of the country

A

southeastern, southwest

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151
Q

Total water demand of the vine is ___ to ___ inches per year. Australia receives and average of _____ inches of rain annually

A

10-30 inches

6.5 inches (Irrigation is a necessity in Australia.)

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152
Q

In 1970 the bag-in-the-box technology turned wine into ___________ ?

A

an everyday beverage. (consumption jumped from 8 liters per person per year to 20 liters per person per year in Australia.)

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153
Q

The vine was brought to Australia in ______ by the first __________ colonist.

A

1788

English

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154
Q

What country drinks mor wine per capita than any other English-speaking nation?

A

Australia (Luxemborg drinks more wine per capita than any other country.)

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155
Q

_____% of all the wine consumed in Australia is Australian.

A

95%

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156
Q

What wine region is Barossa in?

A

South Australia. The Barossa Valley is a major wine-producing region and tourist destination of South Australia, located 60 km northeast of Adelaide.

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157
Q

What are the wine region is The Peninsulas in?

A

South Australia

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158
Q

Tasminia is ideally suited for what type of wine?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and sparkling wine production. (Australia)

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159
Q

Which geographic state contains Eden Valley and Clare Valley?

A

South Australia (well known for Riesling) (Australia)

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160
Q

What variety is Australia best known for?

A

Shiraz (the same grape as the Syrah of the Rhone Valley)

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161
Q

What is the minimum percentage of a wine that must originate in a geographic indication to cite that GI as the place of origin on an Australian label?

A

85%

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162
Q

Name 4 main wine sub-regions of the South Island of New Zealand.

A

Marlborough, Central Otago, Canterbury/Waipara Valley, Nelson [M-NOW]

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163
Q

Name 6 main sub-regions of the North Island of New Zealand.

A

Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Gisbourne (Poverty Bay), Hawkes Bay, Wellington (Wairarapa) [WAUGH WIN, no u/i]

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164
Q

Name 2 ultra-cool wine regions on the Australian mainland.

A

Henty and Macedon

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165
Q

Name the most famous sub-region of Wairarapa.

A

Martinborough (New Zealand)

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166
Q

Which island produces most of the New Zealand wine?

A

South Island

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167
Q

What is the main growing area in Argentina?

A

Mendoza

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168
Q

What is the main growing region of Chile?

A

Central Valley

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169
Q

What are the 2 most important locations in Chile for Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot?

A

Maipo and Rapel Valley (including Colchagua and Cachapoal)

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170
Q

What is the most important location in Chile for Chardonnay?

A

Casablanca. Quality Chardonnay is also produced in the Central Valley

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171
Q

What are the 2 most important locations in Chile for Pinot Noir

A

Casablanca and San Antonio

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172
Q

When did winemaking start in Chile?

A

Mid - 1500’s. Winemaking in Chile began with the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors. Missionaries introduced grapevines to Chile in the mid-16th century to supply wine for religious ceremonies.

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173
Q

What are the 2 most important locations in Chile for Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Casablanca and San Antonio

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174
Q

Argentina has made a name for itself with which red grape variety?

A

Malbec

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175
Q

Where are the only pre-phylloxera clones of French wine planted today?

A

Today, plantings in Chile are thought to be the only pre-phylloxera clones existing in the world.

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176
Q

How long must “Noble” Spanish wines be aged?

A

12 months. (Spain)

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177
Q

How long must “Anejo” Spanish wines be aged?

A

24 months. Anejo can be applied only to a Vino de la Tierra wine or better. (Spain)

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178
Q

How long must “Viejo” Spanish wines be aged?

A

36 months. (Spain)

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179
Q

How long must “Crianza” Spanish wines be aged?

A

Any DO or DOC red wine that has been aged a minimum of 24 months, with six months in barrel. In the regions of Navarra, Rioja, and Ribera del Duero, that minimum barrel time is one year. White wines must be a year old, with six months in barrel. (Spain)

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180
Q

How long must “Reserva” Spanish wines be aged?

A

Any DO or DOC wine that has been aged a minimum of three years, with one year in barrel. White wines must be two years old, with six months in barrel. (Spain)

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181
Q

How long must “Gran Reserva” Spanish wines be aged?

A

Any DO or DOC wine that has been aged a minimum of five years, with 18 months in barrel. In the regions of Navarra, Rioja, and Ribera del Duero, that minimum barrel time is two years. White wines must be four years old, with six months in barrel. (Spain)

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182
Q

What is the predominant soil in Priorat?

A

The area is characterised by its unique terroir of black slate and quartz soil known as llicorella. (Spain)

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183
Q

Grange, a famous Australian wine, is made from which grape variety?,

A

Today Grange is made from various grape varieties, including Cabernet Sauvignon, from different wine regions. The blend is secret, but Shiraz is still a major player.

184
Q

What is the main sparkling region of Spain?

A

About 95% of all Cava is produced in the Penedès area in Catalonia.

185
Q

How long must “Joven” Spanish wines be aged?

A

Little or no time in oak. (Spain)

186
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

Alpine. In terms of climate, the Vosges Mountains cut the Alsace region off from any Atlantic influence by blocking moisture and storms that blow eastward from the ocean. As a result, Alsace enjoys an unusually dry, sunny climate — the driest of any classic French wine region. (France)

187
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

Alpine. ??? In terms of climate, the Vosges Mountains cut the Alsace region off from any Atlantic influence by blocking moisture and storms that blow eastward from the ocean. As a result, Alsace enjoys an unusually dry, sunny climate — the driest of any classic French wine region. (France)

188
Q

What is Selection de Grains Nobles?

A

Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN) is French for “selection of noble berries” and refers to wines made from grapes affected by noble rot. SGN wines are sweet dessert wines with rich, concentrated flavours. Alsace wines were the first to be described as Sélection de Grains Nobles, with the legal definition introduced in 1984, but the term is also seen in some other wine regions France, such as Loire.

189
Q

Which grape varietal grown in Alsace is not native to France?

A

Riesling is not native to France, but rather Germany.

190
Q

In Alsace, which terms indicate a blended wine product?

A

the term Edelzwicker is often used to designate any blended wines of AOC Alsace white grape varietals, without indicating the percentages in the composition. The denomination Gentil is thus reserved for AOC Alsace wines that fit within the standards of a superior quality blend. This blend must consist of a minimum of 50% Riesling, Muscat and/or Gewurztraminer, the rest made up of Sylvaner, Chasselas and/or Pinot Blanc.

191
Q

What are the German terms for very sweet dessert wines?

A

beerenauslese (BA) and trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)

192
Q

What is the German term for dry wines?

A

trocken

193
Q

What is the German term for half dry wines?

A

halbtrocken (fairly dry)

194
Q

What is the name for Methode Champenoise produced wine in Alsace?

A

Crémant d’Alsace is made using the traditional method (bottle fermentation), mostly from Pinot blanc grapes, Rosé Crémant d’Alsace is made exclusively from Pinot noir grapes.

195
Q

What is the name for the German sparkling wine.

A

Sekt. Riesling is the preferred grape in production of Deutscher Sekt, German sparkling wine.

196
Q

What is the soil type for southern part of Beaujolais?

A

In the southern part of the region, south of the town of Villefranche, the soils are sandstone or clay and limestone.

197
Q

What is the soil type for northern part of Beaujolais?

A

In the north, the soils are granite or schist (crystalline rock) on the upper slopes, with stone and clay soils on the lower slopes.

198
Q

What is the difference between Burgundy and Beaujolais?

A

Administratively, Beaujolais is a district of the Burgundy region, but the red wine of Beaujolais is very different from those in the rest of Burgundy — made from a different grape variety grown in different soil and a warmer climate.

199
Q

Where are the red Burgundian Grand Cru wines located?

A

The Côte de Nuits, the northern part of the Côte d’Or, contains 24 out of the 25 red Grand Cru appellations in Burgundy. (All of the region’s white Grand Cru wines are in the Côte de Beaune.) (France)

200
Q

Where are the white Burgundian Grand Cru wines located?

A

All of the region’s white Grand Cru wines are in the Côte de Beaune, the southern part of the Côte d’Or. (The Côte de Nuits (northern aspect of Côte d’Or) contains 24 out of the 25 red Grand Cru appellations in Burgundy.) (France)

201
Q

What is the soil type for Burgundy?

A

Argilo-limestone

202
Q

What are the 2 primary grapes used to make Sauternes?

A

Semillon/ Sauvignon Blanc. Sauternes is made from Sémillon, Sauvignon blanc, and Muscadelle grapes that have been affected by Botrytis cinerea, also known as noble rot.

203
Q

The red blends of the Right Bank of Bordeaux are based primarily on which grape?

A

Merlot

204
Q

What is the most widely produced grape in the Medoc?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (typically 70%)

205
Q

What are the 4 main red grapes used in Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Petit Verdot,

206
Q

The breadth and number of varieties of which grape suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety,

A

Muscat is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety.

207
Q

The red blends of the Left Bank are based on which grape?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

208
Q

What latitude is Champagne located near?

A

The Champagne province is located near the northern limits of the wine world along the 49th parallel.

209
Q

What is a gyropalette?

A

A gyropalette moves the yeast sediment (“lees”) left in the bottle after the fermentation to a position near the cork; riddling (or in French remuage) is performed automatically on many bottles at the same time

210
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Verdicchio?

A

high acid, occasionally full bodied with herbal notes of lemon, fennel and bitter almond (Italy)

211
Q

The predominant soil in the Champagne province is?

A

Chalk.

212
Q

What are the 2 main wine regions of Argentina?

A

Mendoza and Cafayate (in the northwestern region of Salta)

213
Q

What are the 3 main red grapes of Argentina?

A

Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

214
Q

What are the 2 main white grapes of Argentina?

A

Chardonnay and Torrentes

215
Q

What are the 4 main red grapes of Chile?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenere, Syrah

216
Q

What are the 2 main white grapes of Chile?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

217
Q

From north to south, what are the 4 subregions of the Central Valley in Chile?

A

Maipo, Rapel, Curico and Maule.

218
Q

What is Chile’s most famous spirit?

A

Pisco, a grape brandy, also found in Peru

219
Q

In Chile, pisco is derived from what grape?

A

Muscatel (the Spanish term for Muscat) but other grapes are used, especially for Peruvian pisco

220
Q

Where is Cahors, France?

A

In Southwest France, just north of Toulouse

221
Q

What is the predominant grape in Cahors?

A

Malbec (France)

222
Q

What is the local name for Malbec in Cahors?

A

Auxerrois (France)

223
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes acetic?

A

sour through contact with the air, like vinegar

224
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes astringent?

A

harsh and coarse to taste, either because they are too young and tannic and just need time to develop, or because they are not well made.

225
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes clean?

A

free from defects, fresh

226
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes crisp?

A

attractively, refreshingly acidic

227
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes dumb?

A

not smelling of much

228
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes firm?

A

attractively tannic

229
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes flabby?

A

unappetizingly low in acidity

230
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes hard?

A

uncomfortably tannic

231
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes heady?

A

high in alcohol

232
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes oaky?

A

excessive flavor derived from new barrels, staves or chips

233
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes maderized?

A

brown or going brown

234
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes petillant?

A

very slightly sparkling

235
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes sappy?

A

translation of the French seve: lively, forthright style of a young wine.

236
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes spritzig?

A

very slightly sparkling (German)

237
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes stalky?

A

the green-wood (cabbage, wet leaves) flavor associated with an underripe vintage (e.g. underripe Pinot Noir in cool climates)

238
Q

What is meant by a wine that tastes tart

A

too acid (more than crisp)

239
Q

Cool climate Pinot Noir tasting characteristics are what?

A

vegetal, high acid, low tannins

240
Q

Moderate climate Pinot Noir tasting characteristics are what?

A

red fruit, medium/high acid, low/medium tannins

241
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Pinot Noir include what?

A

vegetal and animal

242
Q

Tasting notes of red fruit, medium/high acid, low/medium tannins suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Pinot Noir

243
Q

Tasting notes of vegetal, high acid, low tannins suggest which wine and climate?

A

Cool climate Pinot Noir

244
Q

Name 2 major blending grapes with Pinot Noir

A

Gamay and Chardonnay (sparkling wines)

245
Q

Moderate climate Cabernet Sauvignon tasting characteristics are what?

A

black fruit, high acid, high tannin

246
Q

Hot climate Cabernet Sauvignon tasting characteristics are what?

A

black fruit, medium acid, high tannin

247
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon include what?

A

oak, bell pepper, cedar

248
Q

Tasting notes of black fruit, high acid, high tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Cabernet Sauvignon

249
Q

Tasting notes of black fruit, medium acid, high tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Hot climate Cabernet Sauvignon

250
Q

Name 4 major blending grapes with Cabernet Sauvignon.

A

Merlot, Syrah, Malbec, Carmenere (Bordeaux grapes)

251
Q

How many milliliters in a standard size wine bottle?

A

750 ml

252
Q

What is the size ratio of a magnum to a standard bottle?

A

2

253
Q

What is the size ratio of a Marie Jeanne to a standard bottle?

A

3, Also known as a Tregnum or Tappit Hen in the port wine trade.

254
Q

What is the size ratio of a Jeroboam to a standard bottle?

A

4, Biblical, First king of Northern Kingdom.

255
Q

What is the size ratio of a Rehoboam to a standard bottle?

A

6, Biblical, First king of separate Judea

256
Q

What is the size ratio of a Methuselah to a standard bottle?

A

8, Biblical, Oldest Man

257
Q

What is the size ratio of a Imperial to a standard bottle?

A

8 (eight letters)

258
Q

What is the size ratio of a Mordechai to a standard bottle?

A

12, Biblical, Cousin of Esther Queen of Persia

259
Q

What is the size ratio of a Salmanazar to a standard bottle?

A

12, Biblical, Assyrian King

260
Q

What is the size ratio of a Balthazar to a standard bottle?

A

16, One of three Wise Men to present a gift to Jesus after his birth

261
Q

What is the size ratio of a Nebuchadnezzar to a standard bottle?

A

20, Biblical, King of Babylon

262
Q

What is the size ratio of a Melchior to a standard bottle?

A

24, One of three Wise Men to present a gift to Jesus after his birth

263
Q

What is the size ratio of a Primat or Goliath to a standard bottle?

A

36, Biblical, stoned by David

264
Q

What is the size ratio of a Melchizedek to a standard bottle?

A

40, Biblical, King of Salem

265
Q

In order to carry out secondary fermentation in the bottle, most champagne production is limited to a maximum of what sized bottle?

A

Magnum. Bottle fermented sparkling wine can sometimes be found in larger format bottles after transfer.

266
Q

What is the size ratio of a Sovereign to a standard bottle?

A

33.3

267
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle two sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Magnum.

268
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle three sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Marie Jeanne, also known as a Tregnum or Tappit Hen in the port wine trade.

269
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle four sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Jeroboam

270
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle six sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Rehoboam

271
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle eight sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Methuselah or Imperial

272
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle 12 sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Mordechai or Salmanazar

273
Q

What is the name for a wine bottle 16 sizes larger than a standard bottle?

A

Balthazar

274
Q

Moderate climate Merlot tasting characteristics are what?

A

red fruit, medium acid, light/medium tannin

275
Q

Hot climate Merlot tasting characteristics are what?

A

black fruit, low acid, medium tannin

276
Q

Tasting notes of red fruit, medium acid, light/medium tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Merlot

277
Q

Tasting notes of black fruit, low acid, medium tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Hot climate Merlot

278
Q

Name 3 major blending grapes with Merlot.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Malbec and Carmenere.

279
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Merlot include what?

A

Oak, fruitcake and chocolate.

280
Q

Cool climate Sauvignon Blanc tasting characteristics are what?

A

pungent herbaceous and green fruit, high acid, dry

281
Q

Moderate climate Sauvignon Blanc tasting characteristics are what?

A

Less pungent, stone fruit, medium/high acid, dry

282
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc include what?

A

Green fruit, elderflower, mineral

283
Q

Name a major blending grape with Sauvignon Blanc.

A

Semillon

284
Q

Tasting notes of pungent herbaceous and green fruit, high acid, dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Cool climate Sauvignon Blanc

285
Q

Tasting notes of less pungent, stone fruit, medium/high acid, dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Sauvignon Blanc

286
Q

Cool climate Riesling tasting characteristics are what?

A

green and citrus fruit, high acid, dry/medium/sweet

287
Q

Moderate climate Riesling tasting characteristics are what?

A

citrus and stone fruit, high acid, usually dry

288
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Riesling include what?

A

smoke, honey, tropical fruit, mineral, botrytis

289
Q

Tasting notes of green and citrus fruit, high acid, dry/medium/sweet suggest which wine and climate?

A

Cool climate Riesling

290
Q

Tasting notes of citrus and stone fruit, high acid, usually dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Riesling

291
Q

Moderate climate Syrah tasting characteristics are what?

A

pepper, black fruit, medium acid, high tannin

292
Q

Hot climate Syrah tasting characteristics are what?

A

spice, black fruit, medium acid, high tannin

293
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Syrah include what?

A

Oak, vegetal, animal, chocolate, leather, liquorice (hot climate)

294
Q

Tasting notes of pepper, black fruit, medium acid, high tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Syrah

295
Q

Tasting notes of spice, black fruit, medium acid, high tannin suggest which wine and climate?

A

Hot climate Syrah

296
Q

Name 3 major blending grapes with Syrah.

A

Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon, Viognier

297
Q

Hot climate Grenache tasting characteristics are what?

A

red fruit, low acidity, low tannins

298
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Grenache include what?

A

spice, toffee

299
Q

Tasting notes of red fruit, low acidity, low tannins suggest which wine and climate?

A

Hot climate Grenache

300
Q

Name 3 major blending grapes with Grenache.

A

Syrah, other Southern French varieties, Tempranillo

301
Q

What is the source of sweetness in wine?

A

unfermented sugar

302
Q

What is the nature of gas in sparkling wines?

A

dissolved carbon dioxide

303
Q

Sequence of production for white wine.

A

crush, press, ferment (12-22 degrees C)

304
Q

Sequence of production for rose wine.

A

crush, ferment (12-22 degrees C), extract a little color, press

305
Q

Sequence of production for red wine.

A

crush, ferment (20-32 degrees C), extract color and tannin, press

306
Q

Crush, press, ferment (12-22 degrees C) is the sequence of production for which type of wine?

A

white

307
Q

Crush, ferment (12-22 degrees C), extract a little color, press is the sequence of production for which type of wine?

A

rose

308
Q

Crush, ferment (20-32 degrees C), extract color and tannin, press is the sequence of production for which type of wine?

A

red

309
Q

Name 3 production factors that add flavor to wine.

A

New oak barrels, fermentation and grape skins

310
Q

What is the meaning of ‘Sur Lie’?

A

‘Sur lie’ wines are bottled directly from the lees without racking (a process for filtering the wine). In the case of great Chardonnay, such as Montrachet, this adds a toasty, nutty “hazelnut” quality and additional depth and complexity, especially on the finish. Chemically this can alter the oak flavour molecules increasing the integration, and making the oak seem less obtrusive to the palate. This is desirable because oak tannins are a polyphenolic acid, and can be harsh. This process can also give an added freshness and creaminess to the wine, and improve colour and clarity. Muscadet is made in this fashion. The effect of the lees during bottle fermentation for at least five years on Champagne is considerable. The “bready” toasty notes associated with some of the greatest sparkling wines made are the result of ‘sur lie’ ageing.

311
Q

What does the tasting term brambly connotate?

A

a general category of aromas whch includes blackberries, lgan berries, raspberries. It is often applied to wines with prominent tannins and alcohol with a prickly, peppery character. The opposite of ‘soft and round.’

312
Q

Name 6 major regions in Beaujolais.

A

Beaujolais, Beaujolais-Village, Fleurie, Brouilly, Morgon, Moulin-a-Vent

313
Q

Cool climate Chardonnay tasting characteristics are what?

A

green fruit, high natural acidity and dry

314
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Chardonnay include what?

A

oak, butter, hazelnut and mineral

315
Q

Tasting notes of green fruit, high natural acidity and dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Cool climate Chardonnay

316
Q

Name 2 major blending grapes with Sauvignon Blanc.

A

Semillon and Pinot Noir (also local varieties)

317
Q

Moderate climate Chardonnay tasting characteristics are what?

A

citrus and stone fruit, medium/high acidity and dry

318
Q

Hot climate Chardonnay tasting characteristics are what?

A

tropical fruit, medium acidity and dry

319
Q

Tasting notes of citrus and stone fruit, medium/high acidity and dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Moderate climate Chardonnay

320
Q

Tasting notes of tropical fruit, medium acidity and dry suggest which wine and climate?

A

Hot climate Chardonnay

321
Q

What does the term Edelzwicker mean in context of Alsace wines?

A

any blended wine of AOC Alsace without specific composition

322
Q

What does the term Gentil mean in context of Alsace wines?

A

Reserved for blended AOC Alsace wines have a minimum of 50% Riesling, Muscat and/or Gewurztraminer. (The rest made up of Sylvaner, Chasselas or Pinot Blanc.)

323
Q

What is the German term for off-dry wine?

A

feinherb (Unregulated designation, slightly sweeter than halbtrocken)

324
Q

What is the meaning of the German term Kabinett?

A

literally “cabinet”, meaning wine of reserve quality to be kept in the vintner’s cabinet, a Pradikatswein category of wines made from the least ripe grapes.

325
Q

What is the meaning of the German term Spätlese?

A

meaning “late harvest,” typically semi-sweet, often (but not always) sweeter and fruitier than Kabinett. The grapes are picked at least 7 days after normal harvest, so they are riper. Can be a dry wine.

326
Q

What is the meaning of the German term Auslese?

A

meaning “select harvest,” made from very ripe, hand selected bunches, typically semi-sweet or sweet. Can be a dry wine.

327
Q

What are the characteristics of a Mediterranean climate?

A

Mediterranean climates are characterized by their long growing seasons of moderate to warm temperatures. Throughout the year there is little seasonal change with temperatures in the winter generally warmer than those of maritime and continental climates. During the grapevine growing season, there is very little rain fall.

328
Q

What are the characteristics of a continental climate?

A

Wine regions with continental climates are characterized by the very marked seasonal changes that occur throughout the growing season, with hot temperatures during the summer season and winters cold enough for periodic ice and snow.

329
Q

What are the characteristics of a maritime climate?

A

Wine regions with maritime climates are characterized by their close proximity to large bodies of water (such as oceans, estuaries and inland seas) that moderate their temperatures. Maritime climates share many characteristics with both Mediterranean and continental climates and are often described as a “middle ground” between the two extremes. Maritime climates are often subject to the viticultural hazards of excessive rain and humidity which may promote various grape diseases, such as mold and mildew.

330
Q

What are 5 examples of a Mediterranean Climate?

A

Tuscany, Southern Rhone, Catalonia, Napa, Texas Wine Country, Western Australian, South Australia (McLaren Vale), Chilean Central Valley, Coastal South Africa.

331
Q

What are 5 examples of a continental climate?

A

Burgundy, Rioja, Piedmont, Northern Rhone, Douro, Loire Valley, Columbia Valley, Texas High Plains, Mendoza, Barossa Valley.

332
Q

What are 5 examples of a maritime climate?

A

Bordeaux, Muscadet, Rias Baixas, New Zealand (except Central Otago), Southern Chile

333
Q

What is malolactic fermentation?

A

A process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid. Malolactic fermentation often occurs shortly after the end of the primary fermentation but can sometimes run concurrently with it. The process is standard for most red wine production and for some white grape varieties such as Chardonnay, where it can impart a “buttery” flavor from diacetyl. Malolactic conversion typically is initiated by an inoculation of desirable bacteria, usually Oenococcus oeni.

334
Q

Tasting notes of high acid, occasionally full bodied with herbal notes of lemon, fennel and bitter almond suggest which wine?

A

Verdicchio (Italy)

335
Q

Tasting notes of light in body, unoaked, with tasting notes of chamomile and iris suggest which wine?

A

Soave (Italy)

336
Q

Tasting notes of light, high acid with tasting notes of candied fruit and citrus.suggest which wine?

A

Gavi (Italy)

337
Q

In what countries do the words reserve/riserva/reserva have a legal meaning?

A

Portugal, Spain and Italy

338
Q

Name four foods that difficult to pair with wine.

A

Eggs, asperagus, mushrooms, ripe soft cheeses

339
Q

Sweetness in the food decreases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of body, sweetness and fruitiness

340
Q

Sweetness in the food increases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of bitterness, acidity and alcolhol burn

341
Q

Umani in the food decreases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of body, sweetness and fruitiness

342
Q

Umani in the food increases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of bitterness, acidity and alcolhol burn

343
Q

Salt in the food decreases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of bitterness and acidity

344
Q

Bitterness in the food changes which aspects of the wine?

A

increases the bitterness in the wine

345
Q

Salt in the food increases which aspects of the wine?

A

perception of body

346
Q

Acidity in the food increases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of body, sweetness and fruitiness

347
Q

Acidity in the food decreases which aspects of the wine?

A

the perception of acidity

348
Q

Chilli heat acts like what on wine?

A

Sweetness

349
Q

What pairs well with bitter foods?

A

White wines or low tannin reds

350
Q

What pairs well with foods with chilli heat?

A

White wines or low tannin reds

351
Q

What are the highest risk wines for pairing?

A

wines with a high level of bitterness from oak and tannin

352
Q

What are the lowest risk wines for pairing?

A

simple unoaked wines with a little residual sugar

353
Q

Name an example of cool climate Chardonnay.

A

Chablis

354
Q

Name an example of moderate climate Chardonnay

A

Burgundy

355
Q

Name an example of hot climate Chardonnay

A

California Central Valley (also other New World spots)

356
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of Chardonnay include what?

A

oak, butter, hazelnut and mineral

357
Q

Secondary tasting characteristics of oak, butter hazelnut and mineral suggest which wine?

A

Chardonnay

358
Q

What are 3 major appellations of the left bank? (And examples within each.)

A

Medoc (aka Bas-Medoc containing no classed-growths), Haut-Medoc (Pauillac and Margaux) and Graves (Pessac-Leognan)

359
Q

What are 2 major appellations of the left bank?

A

Saint-Emilion and Pomerol

360
Q

What is the distinctive tasting aspect of Coonawarra Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

mint/eucalytus

361
Q

What is the distinctive tasting aspect of Margaret River Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

blackcurrant

362
Q

Name 2 white Bordeaux AC’s

A

Graves AC and Pessac-Leognan AC

363
Q

Name the region producing the best Sauvignon Blanc in Australia.

A

Adelaide Hills (but not a major player on the world stage)

364
Q

Torrontes tasting characteristics are what?

A

medium body, dry, high alcohol, medium acidity and fruity/floral aromas

365
Q

Malbec tasting characteristics are what?

A

full-body, medium to high tannins, dark fruit, spicy, oak

366
Q

Tasting notes of medium body, dry, high alcohol, medium acidity and fruity/floral aromas suggest which wine?

A

Torrontes

367
Q

Tasting notes of full-body, medium to high tannins, dark fruit, spicy, oak suggest which wine?

A

Malbec

368
Q

What is the main advantage of bottle fermentation over tank fermentation for sparking wine?

A

through th extended contact wiht the dead yeast, th ewines can gain complex bredy, biscuity flavours

369
Q

Name 3 examples of tank-fermented sparking wines.

A

Proseccon, Asti DOCG, Sekt

370
Q

What does the term blanc de blancs indicate?

A

all-Chardonnay champagne

371
Q

What does the term blanc de noirs indicate?

A

champagne made from exclusively from dark-skinned grapes

372
Q

What is the serving temperature for medium/full bodied white wine?

A

10-13 degrees C (50-55)

373
Q

What is the serving temperature for light bodied red wine?

A

13 degrees C (55)

374
Q

What is the serving temperature for light/medium bodied white wine?

A

7-10 degrees C (45-50)

375
Q

What is the serving temperature for sweet wine?

A

6-8 degrees C (43-45)

376
Q

What is the serving temperature for sparkling wine?

A

6-10 degrees C (43-50)

377
Q

What is the serving temperature for medium/full bodied red wine?

A

15-18 degrees C (59-64)

378
Q

In a cooler vintage, which variety ripens sooner, Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot?

A

Merlot

379
Q

In a warmer vintage, which is more alcoholic, Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot?

A

Merlot

380
Q

Name two grape varieties that are pink or red in color.

A

Gewurztraminer (red) and Pinot Gris (pink)

381
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Bordeaux?

A

Semillon (France)

382
Q

What is the predominant red grape in Chinon?

A

Cabernet Franc (France)

383
Q

Where is Chinon located?

A

East of Tours, between rivers Loire and Vienne (France)

384
Q

Tasting notes of high tannins, high acidity, tar roses, violets, orange with black tints suggest which wine?

A

Nebbiolo (high alcohol) (Italy)

385
Q

The most popular grape in Rias-Baixis is?

A

Albarino (Spain)

386
Q

The most popular grape in Rueda is?

A

Verdeho (Portugal)

387
Q

The 3 most popular grapes in Cava are?

A

Macabeo, Parellada and Xarel·lo (Spain)

388
Q

The most popular grape in Andalucía is?

A

Palomino and Pedro Ximénez (Spain)

389
Q

The most widely planted grape in Spain is?

A

the white wine grape Airén

390
Q

The most widely planted red grape in Spain is?

A

Tempranillo

391
Q

The most popular grape in Priorat is?

A

Grenacha (Spain)

392
Q

The most popular grapes in Levente Region are?

A

Monastrell and Bobal (Spain)

393
Q

Name 3 major regions in the Languedoc-Roussillon

A

Languedoc, Minervois, Fitou (France)

394
Q

Name 6 Pradikatswein categories.

A

Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese, Beerenauslese, Trockenbeerenauslese, Eiswein (German)

395
Q

What is the meaning of the label term Erstes Gewächs?

A

(first class growth), a designation used only in Rheingau for top-level dry wines from selected sites (German)

396
Q

What is the meaning of the label term Grosses Gewächs?

A

top-level dry wines from selected sites (German)

397
Q

What region of Italy are Barbera wines found?

A

Piemonte (Italy)

398
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Barbera wine?

A

Light tannins, high acidity, red fruit and gamey aromas (Italy)

399
Q

What are the tasting characteristics notes of Nebbiolo wine?

A

high tannins, high acidity, tar roses, violets, orange with black tints (Italy)

400
Q

What is the main grape in Prosecco?

A

Glera (Italy)

401
Q

What is the main grape in Asti?

A

Muscat (Italy)

402
Q

What is the best label for Prosecco?

A

Conegliano-Valdobbiadene (Italy)

403
Q

What area of Italy is Prosecco made?

A

north-east Italy

404
Q

What area of Italy is Asti made?

A

Piemonte (north-west Italy)

405
Q

What is the transfer method of sparkling wine production?

A

remove the yeast by emptying the entire bottle into a tank under pressure, filter yeast, dose and rebottle

406
Q

Transfer method of sparkling wine production is not allowed where?

A

Champagne and Cava (In truth, they may actually do transfer for some large bottle formats.)

407
Q

Name 3 winemaking techniques that contribute to Chardonnay flavors?

A

Malolactic fermentation, use of oak, sur-lees

408
Q

Name the five first growths of the Médoc Classification of 1855 and their location.

A

Château Lafite, now Château Lafite Rothschild in Pauillac; Château Latour in Pauillac; Château Margaux in Margaux; Haut-Brion, now Château Haut-Brion in Pessac, Graves; Mouton, now Château Mouton Rothschild in Pauillac. (France)

409
Q

What are the characteristics of a wine that is oxidized or out of condition?

A

At least slightly brown with stale Sherry-like aromas.

410
Q

What causes a wine to be oxidized or out of condition?

A

cork failure, poor storage or the wine could be too old

411
Q

What are the characteristics of a wine with cork taint?

A

may look healthy, but will have dulled fruit and musty aromas

412
Q

What causes cork taint?

A

tainted cork, tainted barrel (synthetic enclosure not immune)

413
Q

Where is Moscatel de Valencia made? and from which grape?

A

Spain; Muscat

414
Q

Where is Muscat de Beaumes de Venise made? and from which grape?

A

Beaumes de Venise is an appellation of wines from the eastern central region of the southern half of the Rhône Valley, France; Muscat

415
Q

Where is Rutherglen Muscat made? and from which grape?

A

Australia; Muscat

416
Q

Name 3 sweet wines made by fortification.

A

Moscatel de Valencia, Muscat de Beaumes de Venise, Rutherglen Muscat

417
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Moscatel de Valencia?

A

pronounced floral and fruity flavors

418
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?

A

gold color, pronounced fresh floral and fruity aromas; sweet and full bodied with high alcohol and medium or low acidity

419
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Rutherglen Muscat?

A

amber or brown color; complex dried fruit and nutty oxidative aromas, sweet and full-bodied with high alcohol

420
Q

How do new world sparking wines compare to Champagne?

A

The best wines are usually bottle fermented (traditional or transfer) with more pronounced fruit and lower acidity.

421
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of a young Sauternes?

A

gold color, citrus, stone and tropical fruit, oak and botrytis aromas, full bodied and sweet with high alcohol (France)

422
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of a typical young German Riesling TBA?

A

golden color, tropical dried fruit and botrytis aromas, sweet and high in acidity but light in alcohol and light-bodied

423
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Botrytis Semillon?

A

golden color, citrus fruit and botrytis aromas, sweet with medium or high acidity (France)

424
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Tokaji?

A

Amber color, dried fruit (especially citrus peel) and botrytis aromas, full-bodied, sweet, medium alcohol and high acidity (Hungary)

425
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Icewine/Eiswein?

A

gold color, concentrated pure fruit flavours and aromas, high acidity and very sweet

426
Q

Name 4 wines made by concentrating the grape sugars through Noble Rot.

A

Sauternes, Tokaji, BA and TBA, Botrytis Semillon

427
Q

Name a wine made by concentrating the grape sugars through freezing.

A

Icewine/Eiswein

428
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of a mature Sauternes?

A

honey and dried fruit aromas develop, oak disappears

429
Q

What are the tasting characteristics of Grenache based wines from Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

full-bodied with red fruit and spice flavors.

430
Q

What are the major grapes of Languedoc-Roussillon?

A

Granache and Syrah.

431
Q

At higher altitudes, what are two growing techniques that improve sunlight exposure?

A

Plant on slopes that angle toward the sun and plant above rivers that reflect sunlight.

432
Q

Name two appellations in Languedoc-Roussillon.

A

Languedoc AC and Minervois AC

433
Q

What understanding is the most basic element of food and wine pairing?

A

the balance between the “weight” of the food and the weight (or body) of the wine. Heavy, robust wines like Cabernet Sauvignon can overwhelm a light, delicate dish like a quiche while light bodied wines like Pinot Grigio would be similarly overwhelmed by a hearty stew.

434
Q

The red wines of regions such as Bordeaux, Greece, Rioja, Ribera del Duero, Rhone and Provence are considered classic pairings with what main dish?

A

lamb

435
Q

What does the phrase “Buy on an apple and sell on cheese” refer to?

A

Fruits that are high in sugar and acidity (such as the malic acid in green apples) can make wines taste metallic and thin bodied. In contrast, hard cheeses such as cheddar can soften the tannins in wines and make them taste fuller and fruitier.

436
Q

What are two styles of red passito (straw or raisin wine) produced in Veneto, Italy?

A

If fermentation is complete, the result is Amarone della Valpolicella (“Amarone” - literally “extra bitter”, as opposed to sweet). Amarone is a very ripe, raisiny red wine with very little acid, often >15% alcohol. If fermentation is incomplete, the result is a sweet red wine called Recioto della Valpolicella. Grapes dried in the valley bottoms are more prone to noble rot and are favored for Recioto, whereas grapes intended for Amarone are dried on the higher slopes to avoid Botrytis.

437
Q

In wine tasting, what is the primary determination of body?

A

In wine tasting, body is determined primarily by the alcohol level of the wine and can be influenced by the perceptions of tannins (from the grape skins or oak) and extract (the dissolved solids in the wine derived from winemaking processes like extended maceration and sur lie aging).

438
Q

Tasting notes of full-bodied with red fruit and spice flavors suggest which wine?

A

Grenache based wines from Languedoc-Roussillon

439
Q

Tasting notes of honey and dried fruit aromas develop, oak disappears suggest which wine?

A

a mature Sauternes

440
Q

Tasting notes of gold color, concentrated pure fruit flavours and aromas, high acidity and very sweet suggest which wine?

A

Icewine

441
Q

Tasting notes of golden color, citrus fruit and botrytis aromas, sweet with medium or high acidity suggest which wine?

A

Botrytis Semillon

442
Q

Tasting notes of golden color, tropical dried fruit and botrytis aromas, weet and high in acidity but light in alcohol and light-bodied suggest which wine?

A

a typical young German Riesling TBA

443
Q

Tasting notes of Amber color, dried fruit (especially citrus peel) and botrytis aromas, full-bodied, sweet, medium alcohol and high acidity suggest which wine?

A

Tokaji

444
Q

Tasting notes of gold color, citrus, stone and tropical fruit, oak and botrytis aromas, full bodied and sweet with high alcohol suggest which wine?

A

a young Sauternes

445
Q

Tasting notes of Amber or brown color; complex dried fruit and nutty oxidative aromas, sweet and full-bodied with high alcohol suggest which wine?

A

Rutherglen Muscat

446
Q

Tasting notes of gold color, pronounced fresh floral and fruity aromas; sweet and full bodied with high alcohol and medium or low acidity suggest which wine?

A

Mucat de Beaumes de Venise? (France)

447
Q

Tasting notes of pronounced floral and fruity flavors suggest which sweet fortified wine?

A

Moscatel de Valencia

448
Q

Tasting notes of medium bodied, medium sweetness, high acidity, unoaked with citrus, green and tropical fruit suggest which wine?

A

Vouvray (France)

449
Q

Tasting notes of light and medium bodied, unoaked, medium or high acidity, low tannin and pronounced red fruit (raspberry or cherry) aromas suggest which wine?

A

Beaujolais (France)

450
Q

Tasting notes of dry, light fruity (melon, citrus) with little or no oak suggest which wine?

A

Macon Chardonnay (France)

451
Q

Tasting notes of light, high acid with tasting notes of candied fruit and citrus suggest which wine?

A

Gavi (Italy)

452
Q

Tasting notes of light in body, unoaked, with tasting notes of chamomile and iris suggest which wine?

A

Soave (Italy)

453
Q

Tasting notes of usually unoaked, bone-dry, high acidity with green fruit and citrus notes suggest which wine?

A

Chablis (France)

454
Q

Where is Fitou?

A

Languedoc-Roussillon (France)

455
Q

Where is Minervois?

A

Languedoc-Roussillon (France)

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