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biology > XI: Chapter-10 Cell Cycle And Cell Division > Flashcards

XI: Chapter-10 Cell Cycle And Cell Division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Cell division includes following processes and in which sequence?

A
  1. Cell growth
  2. DNA replication
  3. Organelles duplication
  4. Distribution of materials to daughter cells
  5. Karyokinesis
  6. Cytokinesis
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2
Q

Sequence of cell division is ______ controlled?

A

Genetically

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3
Q

Cell growth is a continuous process in terms of ___________.

A

Cytoplasmic increase

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4
Q

Duration of cell division of
1. Human cells in culture?
2. Yeast?

A
  1. Approximately 24 hrs
  2. About 90 minutes.
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5
Q

Two basic phases of cell cycle is?

A
  1. Interphase
  2. M phase (Mitotic Phase)
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6
Q

The phase when the actual cell division occurs?

A

M phase

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7
Q

Duration of M phase and Interphase in a dividing human cell is about?

A

M phase last about 1 hour
Interphase last more than 95% of duration

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8
Q

M phase starts with ____1___, corresponding to the _______2_______ and usually ends with ____3_____.

A
  1. Nuclear division
  2. Seperation of daughter chromosomes (karyokinesis)
  3. Division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
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9
Q
  1. Which phase is the resting phase?
  2. Do the cell actually in rest during this phase?
A
  1. Interphase
  2. No, it prepares for division.
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10
Q

How the cell prepares itself for division in interphase?

A

By undergoing both cell growth and DNA replication in an orderly manner.

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11
Q

Interphase is divided into 3 sub phases. What are those in sequence?

A
  1. G1 phase
  2. S phase ( synthesis)
  3. G2 phase
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12
Q

G1 phase corresponds between which events?

A

Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication.

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13
Q

Maximum cell organelle growth takes place in which phase?

A

G1 phase.

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14
Q

DNA synthesis takes place in which phase?

A

S phase.

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15
Q

In S phase, what changes occurs in the amount of DNA and chromosome number?

A

Amount of DNA doubles but chromosome number remains same.

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16
Q

1.What is the amount of DNA in S, G2 and M phase, if at G1 it is 2n.
2. And what is the chromosome number, if at G1, it’s diploid?

A
  1. S- 4n, G2- 4n, M- 2n
  2. Diploid.
17
Q

Histone protein growth in which phase?

A

S phase

18
Q

Centriole duplication begins in ___1___ phase and in ___2____ cells.

A
  1. S phase
  2. Animal cells
19
Q

Which substance is synthesized during G2 phase?

A

Proteins,
Mitochondria, chloroplast, Golgi apparatus,
Remaining substance which are not being synthesized during G1 phase.

20
Q

Do all cells in plants and animals divide all the time?

A

No.

21
Q

Human cells which do not divided continuously.

A

Heart cells.

22
Q

Cell which do not divided further exit cell cycle in which phase and enters in which phase?

A

Exit in G1 phase, enters in G° phase or quiescent phase.

23
Q

What is the condition of cell in G° phase?

A

It is still metabolically active, but do not proliferate.

24
Q

In animal cells, mitotic cell division is only seen in ________.

A

Diploid somatic cells.

25
Q

Species in which haploid cells divide mitotically.

A

Male honey bees.

26
Q

Which phase involves major reorganization of virtually all components of the cell.

A

M phase

27
Q

Why M phase is called equational division?

A

Because the number of chromosomes in the parent and progeny cells is the same.

28
Q

Sub phases of M phase in a sequence?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

29
Q

The first event in M phase is

A

Initiation of condensation of chromosomal material.
Untangling of DNA.

30
Q

2nd event of prophase

A

Centrosome begins to move towards opposite poles.

31
Q

Aster of formed by what?

A

Microtubules which radiated out from centrosome.

32
Q

What is mitotic apparatus?

A

Two asters together with spindle fibres.

33
Q

At the end of prophase, which cell organelles do not show under microscope?

A

Golgi apparatus, ER, Nucleolus, nuclear envelope.

34
Q

What is the last event of prophase?

A

Nuclear membrane starts disappearing.

35
Q

In which phase, chromosome starts appearing?

A

Prophase

biology (10 decks)

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