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Science > y7-y10 q bank > Flashcards

y7-y10 q bank Flashcards

1
Q

What is a particle?

A

An incredibly tiny object

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2
Q

What is an atom?

A

A particle made of protons, neutrons and electrons

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3
Q

What is a subatomic particle?

A

A particle smaller than an atom

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4
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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6
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A universal code which represents an element

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7
Q

What is the periodic table of the elements?

A

A table showing the names and symbols of all the different types of elements

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8
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

A strong connection between two atoms

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9
Q

What is a compound?

A

A pure substance made from more than one type of element chemically bonded together

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10
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a particle that consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

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11
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Different substances together but not chemically bonded

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12
Q

What is a molecular substance?

A

A substance made of lots molecules which are not bonded to each other

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13
Q

Name five molecular substances

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide and methane

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14
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A combination of symbols and small numbers which tells you which atoms are in a substance

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15
Q

What do the small numbers in a chemical formula represent?

A

The number of a certain element in a substance

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16
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrogen?

A

H2

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17
Q

What is the chemical formula for oxygen?

A

O2

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18
Q

What is the chemical formula for water?

A

H2O

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19
Q

What is the chemical formula for methane?

A

CH4

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitrogen?

A

N2

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22
Q

What is air?

A

A mixture of molecules, mostly oxygen and nitrogen.The air in Earth’s atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. Air also has small amounts of other gases, too, such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen.

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23
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process where atoms are rearranged into new substances

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24
Q

What observations are proof of chemical reaction?

A

Colour changes, change in temperature, release of a gas

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25
Q

What is a word equation?

A

A way using the names of substances to show what is occurring during a chemical reaction

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26
Q

What are reactants?

A

The substances which you start with in a chemical reaction

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27
Q

What are products?

A

The substances which you end up with in a chemical reaction.

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28
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

Atoms are not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, they are just rearranged.

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29
Q

In the reaction carbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide, why does the mass decrease?

A

Because carbon dioxide is a gas so it escapes to the surroundings

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30
Q

In the reaction magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide, why does the mass increase?

A

Because oxygen atoms are being added to the magnesium ones

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31
Q

What is a state of matter?

A

Whether a substance is a solid, liquid or a gas

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32
Q

What is the name of the process of turning a solid into a liquid?

A

Melting

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33
Q

What is the name of the process of turning a liquid into a gas?

A

Boiling

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34
Q

What is the name of the process of turning a gas into a liquid?

A

Condensing

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35
Q

What is the name of the process of turning a liquid into a solid?

A

Freezing

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36
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change of state

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37
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is a quantity that makes things happen.

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38
Q

What is the symbol for energy?

A

E

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39
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for energy?

A

joule, J

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40
Q

How is energy described?

A

Stores and transfers.

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41
Q

What is an energy store?

A

An object that can store energy.

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42
Q

What is an energy transfer?

A

How energy is moved from one object to another.

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43
Q

What are the eight energy stores?

A

Thermal, Kinetic, Gravitational, Chemical, Elastic ,Electrostatic, Magnetic, Nuclear

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44
Q

What is the thermal energy store?

A

Energy stored due to a change in temperature.

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45
Q

What is the kinetic energy store?

A

Energy stored due to movement.

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46
Q

What is the gravitational energy store?

A

Energy stored due to being lifted.

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47
Q

What is the chemical energy store?

A

Energy stored due to chemicals before they react.

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48
Q

What is the elastic energy store?

A

Energy stored due to stretching or compressing.

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49
Q

Give 2 examples of a waves.

A

Light and Sound

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50
Q

How is energy transferred by heating?

A

From hotter objects to colder objects.

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51
Q

How is energy transferred by electrical working?

A

It flows in an electrical circuit.

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52
Q

State the law of conservation of energy.

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.

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53
Q

What is a formula?

A

A formula is a set of instructions we follow to calculate the value we want to find.

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54
Q

What is power?

A

Power is the energy transferred during a period of
time.

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55
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for power?

A

watt, W

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56
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for time?

A

second, s

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57
Q

What is the formula that relates power,energy and time?

A

Power = Energy/time

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58
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Substances formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals in the earth.

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59
Q

What are the three main fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil and natural gas.

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60
Q

What energy is stored in fossil fuels?

A

Chemical energy stores.

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61
Q

What is combustion?

A

A chemical reaction involving a fuel and oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and water.

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62
Q

What is the chemical word equation for the combustion of methane?

A

Methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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63
Q

What is the chemical word equation for the combustion of a fuel?

A

Fuel + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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64
Q

What are fossil fuels used for in a power station?

A

To heat water.

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65
Q

Which energy stores are involved when fossil fuels heat water?

A

Chemical store of fossil fuel → thermal store of water

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66
Q

When burning fossil fuels, how is energy transferred from the fossil fuel to the water?

A

Heating

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67
Q

Give an advantage of fossil fuels.

A

Readily available, reliable.

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68
Q

Give a disadvantage of fossil fuels.

A

Non-renewable, releases carbon dioxide.

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69
Q

What happens to water in a power station when it is boiling?

A

The water turns to steam and pushes a turbine.

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70
Q

Which energy stores are involved when boiling water turns to steam?

A

Thermal store of water → kinetic store of steam

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71
Q

Which energy stores are involved when steam turns a turbine?

A

Kinetic store of steam → kinetic store of turbine

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72
Q

In a power station, how is energy transferred from the water to the turbine?

A

Mechanical working

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73
Q

What is a turbine?

A

A machine that rotates when pushed by a moving
liquid or gas.

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74
Q

What does the turbine in a power station do?

A

Rotates and turns an electricity generator.

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75
Q

Which energy stores are involved when a spinning turbine turns a generator?

A

Kinetic store of turbine → kinetic store of generator

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76
Q

Where is energy transported to from power stations?

A

The national grid

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77
Q

What is the National Grid?

A

The system responsible for transmission of electricity the UK.

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78
Q

What is a renewable energy source?

A

An energy source that cannot be depleted.

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79
Q

What is wind energy?

A

Electricity generated using the wind to turn a turbine.

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80
Q

Which energy stores are involved in
generating electricity from wind?

A

Kinetic store of wind → kinetic store of turbine

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81
Q

How is energy transferred from the wind to the turbine?

A

Mechanical working.

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82
Q

Give an advantage of wind energy.

A

Renewable energy source, cheap to run once installed, no carbon dioxide produced.

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83
Q

Give a disadvantage of wind energy.

A

Unreliable if there is too much or too little wind, expensive to make and install, can look unsightly.

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84
Q

What is hydroelectric energy?

A

Electricity generated using falling water to turn a turbine.

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85
Q

Which energy stores are involved in water falling from a high reservoir?

A

Gravitational of water → kinetic store of water

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86
Q

Give an advantage of hydroelectric energy.

A

Renewable energy source, cheap to run once installed, no carbon dioxide produced, creates
water reserves, can use dams as bridges.

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87
Q

Give a disadvantage of hydroelectric energy.

A

Expensive to build, can cause flooding of surroundings.

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88
Q

What is a cell?

A

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms

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89
Q

What is an organelle?

A

An organelle is a sub-cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

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90
Q

What is a nucleus and what is its function?

A

The organelle that contains the cell’s hereditary information and controls the cell’s growth and reproduction.

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91
Q

What is a cell membrane and what is its function?

A

The cell membrane is found in all cells and The cell membraneregulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

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92
Q

What is a cytoplasm and what is its function?

A

Gel like substance where chemical reactions happen

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93
Q

What is a mitochondria and what is its function?

A

Small organelle which is the site of respiration

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94
Q

What is a ribosome and what is its function?

A

Tiny structutres in which protein synthesis occurs.

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95
Q

What is a cell wall and what is its function?

A

A rigid layer that strengthens the cell and supports its shape

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96
Q

What is a chloroplast and what is its function?

A

Small organelle that performs photosynthesis

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97
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Where the plant uses light from the sun to increase the energy in the plant’s chemical store

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98
Q

What is a vacuole and what is its function?

A

An organelle that is filled with sap to keep the cells turgid (firm)

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99
Q

What are the key structural differences between an animal cell and a plant cell?

A

Plant has cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole, which the animal cell does not

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100
Q

Give three examples of specialised cells in animals

A

Red Blood Cell, Nerve Cell, Muscle Cell

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101
Q

Give two examples of specialised cells in plants

A

Root Hair Cell, Palisade Cell

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102
Q

What are the three key structural features of a Nerve Cell which enable the cell to carry out its specialised function?

A

Very long, lots of connections, insulation around it.

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103
Q

How does a nerve cell’s insulation support its function?

A

To help it keep electrical signals travelling quickly

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104
Q

How does a nerve cell’s length support its function?

A

Allows electrical signals to be transmitted over long
distances

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105
Q

How does a nerve cell’s many of connections support its function?

A

To transmit signals to lots ofother nerve cells

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106
Q

How does the structure of a nerve cell support its function?

A

The cell can carry electrical signals all around the body (over long distances.)

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107
Q

What are the two key structural features of a Muscle Cell which enable the cell to carry out its specialised function?

A

Lots of mitochondria for energy release and cells are merged so they can contract

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108
Q

How does the structure of the muscle cell support its function?

A

To contract to bring about movement

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109
Q

What is surface area?

A

Surface area is the measure of how much exposed area a solid object has, expressed in square units.

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110
Q

In a cell, what are the effects of large surface area?

A

Substances can enter and leave the cell more quickly

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111
Q

What are the three key structural features of a Red Blood Cell which enable the cell to carry out its specialised function?

A

Biconcave shape, no nucleus, lots of haemoglobin

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112
Q

How does the structure of the red blood cell support its function?

A

Maximise surface area, maximise space for haemoglobin. haemoglobin to carry the oxygen

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113
Q

How does the shape of the Red Blood Cell support its function?

A

Biconcave shape, maximises surface area

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114
Q

How does Haemoglobin support the role of the Red Blood Cell?

A

Haemoglobin carries oxygen

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115
Q

Why does a red blood cell not have a nucleus

A

To maximise space for haemoglobin

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116
Q

What are the three key structural features of a Root Hair Cell which enable the cell to carry out its specialised function?

A

Large Surface area, long extension, no chloroplast

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117
Q

How does a Root Hair Cell’s surface area support its function?

A

Large surface area means it can absorb substances quickly

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118
Q

What feature of a typical plant cell will we NOT find in a Root Hair Cell?

A

Chloroplasts

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119
Q

Why does the Root Hair Cell not contain chloroplasts?

A

It does not photosynthesise (No light underground)

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120
Q

How does the structure of the root hair cell support its function?

A

Large Surface area to absorb water, no chloroplasts as there is no light underground (no photosynthesis).

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121
Q

What are the two key structural features of a Palisade Cell which enable the cell to carry out its specialised function?

A

Lots of chloroplasts, at the top of the leaf

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122
Q

Why are Palisade Cells found at the top of the leaf?

A

So they can absorb as much light as possible (for photosynthesis)

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123
Q

Why do Palisade Cells contain many
chloroplasts?

A

To absorb as much light as possible

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124
Q

Where in the leaf are palisade cells found?

A

At the top of the leaf

125
Q

How does the structure of a palisade cell support its function?

A

Absorbs light to perform most of the
photosynthesis

126
Q

What is the Principles of Organisation of living things?

A

Cells < Tissues < Organs < Organ Systems

127
Q

What is a ‘tissue’?

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function.

128
Q

What is an organ?

A

Organs are groups of tissues performing specific functions

129
Q

How do organs make up organisms?

A

Organs are organised into organ systems, which work together to form organisms.

130
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

To pump blood around the body

131
Q

What is cardiac tissue?

A

The tissue that makes up the heart

132
Q

What is the function of cardiac tissue in the heart?

A

Contract to pump the blood around the body

133
Q

What organ system includes the heart?

A

The circulatory system

134
Q

What does Magnification mean?

A

Making an image large enough to see

135
Q

Name the parts of a microscope

A

Eye piece, objective lens, stage, lamp, focusing knob

136
Q

How do you focus an image using a microscope?

A

By turning the focusing knob

137
Q

What does focus mean?

A

Making an image sharp enough to be viewed

138
Q

How do you record an image from a microscope?

A

Draw what can be seen through the eyepiece

139
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A chemical reaction in which plants produce glucose and oxygen

140
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + glucose + oxygen

141
Q

What is the chemical symbol for glucose?

A

C 6 H 12 O 6

142
Q

What gas is taken in by the plant during photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

143
Q

What gas is produced by the plant during photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

144
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Organelles in a plant cell that contain chlorophyll

145
Q

What is the role of chloroplast in a leaf cell?

A

To conduct photosynthesis.

146
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

A green pigment inside of chloroplast

147
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll?

A

To absorb the energy needed for photosynthesis

148
Q

Why are leaves green?

A

Because they contain chlorophyll which is a green pigment

149
Q

Where does the energy come from for photosynthesis?

A

The sun

150
Q

Where does the water come from for photosynthesis?

A

Absorbed by the roots from the soil

151
Q

Where does the carbon dioxide come from for photosynthesis?

A

The air

152
Q

How does oxygen from photosynthesis leave
the plant?

A

Through the stomata

153
Q

What are the 5 main layers of a leaf?

A

Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade layer, spongy mesophyll and lower epidermis

154
Q

What is the waxy cuticle layer?

A

The waterproof top layer of the leaf

155
Q

What is the role of the waxy cuticle layer?

A

To prevent water evaporating from the top of the leaf

156
Q

What is the upper epidermis layer?

A

A transparent layer of cells below the waxy cuticle.

157
Q

What is the function of the upper epidermis layer?

A

Allows light to pass through.

158
Q

What is the palisade layer?

A

A layer of plant cells below the upper epidermis.

159
Q

What is the key structural feature of the palisade layer?

A

The cells contain many chloroplasts

160
Q

What is the function of the palisade layer?

A

Perform photosynthesis

161
Q

Why are there lots of chloroplasts inside of cells in the palisade layer?

A

It is where most of the sunlight is.

162
Q

What is the structure of the spongy mesophyll layer?

A

Plant cells with air spaces between them

163
Q

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll layer?

A

Allows gases to diffuse through the leaf

164
Q

What is the lower epidermis layer?

A

A layer of cells at the bottom of the leaf

165
Q

What is the key structural feature of the lower epidermis layer?

A

Contains tiny holes called stomata

166
Q

What is the function of the lower epidermis layer?

A

Allows gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf.

167
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small pores on the underside of a leaf

168
Q

What are guard cells?

A

Cells that are on either side of the stomata

169
Q

What is the function of guard cells?

A

To open and close the stomata to control what gases enter and leave the plant

170
Q

Why are leaves thin?

A

So that gases do not need to diffuse across long distances to get into the leaf

171
Q

Why do many leaves have a large surface area?

A

More space for sunlight to be absorbed into leaf
cells

172
Q

What is a leaf vein?

A

A channel in a leaf

173
Q

What is the function of the leaf vein?

A

Allows water and glucose to move through the leaf

174
Q

Why are there fewer chloroplasts on the underside of the leaf?

A

Because it doesn’t face the Sun

175
Q

Why are there no chloroplasts inside of plant root cells?

A

There is no sunlight in the soil

176
Q

What are the two types of respiration that take place in all living things?

A

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

177
Q

What does the word aerobic mean?

A

With oxygen

178
Q

What does the word anaerobic mean?

A

Without oxygen

179
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen à carbon dioxide + water

180
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 à 6CO 2 + 6H 2 0

181
Q

Where does respiration take place in a cell?

A

The mitochondria

182
Q

Where does respiration take place in a cell?

A

The mitochondria

183
Q

How does glucose get into the body?

A

From eating carbohydrates

184
Q

How does glucose get into cells?

A

Transported in the blood

185
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy (2 ATP)

186
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

An acid that produces painful cramps in your muscles.

187
Q

How is lactic acid removed from the body?

A

Through a reaction with oxygen and turning into carbon dioxide and water

188
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

It is a temporary shortage of oxygen after exercise.

189
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A diagram that shows what an organism eats. It
shows the transfer of energy between organisms.

190
Q

What are prey?

A

Animals that are food for another animal

191
Q

What are predators?

A

An animal that preys on other animals.

192
Q

What is the energy source in a food chain?

A

The sun.

193
Q

What is a producer?

A

The first organism in a food chain.

194
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal that only eats plants.

195
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal that eats other animals.

196
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that eats both plants and other animals.

197
Q

What is a primary consumer?

A

The animals that eat the producers

198
Q

What is a secondary consumer?

A

The animals that eat the primary consumers.

199
Q

What is a tertiary consumer?

A

The animals that eat the secondary consumers.

200
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

Different levels in a food chain or ecosystem.

201
Q

How is energy transferred from the sun to the producer?

A

Energy from the sun is stored in glucose then taken in by the consumer

202
Q

What is a food web?

A

A set of linked food chains.

203
Q

What does a food web show?

A

The feeding relationships amongst a group of living things

204
Q

What is interdependence in a food web?

A

Where organisms in a food web depend on each other for food

205
Q

What is a star?

A

A very large sphere of burning gas in space.

206
Q

What is the Sun?

A

The star nearest the Earth

207
Q

What is an orbit?

A

The path an object takes around another object in space.

208
Q

What is a planet?

A

An object that orbits a star.

209
Q

What is the solar system?

A

A collection of planets and other objects orbiting the Sun

210
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

A small rocky object orbiting the Sun.

211
Q

What is a comet?

A

An object made of ice and dust.

212
Q

What happens to a comet as it passes near the Sun?

A

It warms and releases a tail of gas.

213
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A group of billions of stars.

214
Q

Name the planets in our solar system in order of distance from the Sun.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

215
Q

What is a satellite?

A

An object that orbits a planet.

216
Q

What is a moon?

A

A typically rocky object that orbits a planet.

217
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of material contained in an object.

218
Q

What is the symbol for mass?

A

m

219
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for mass?

A

Kilograms, kg.

220
Q

What is a force?

A

A push, pull or twist

221
Q

What is a field?

A

A field allows forces to act without physical contact.

222
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

The field around an object with mass that exerts a force on other objects with mass.

223
Q

What happens when two objects with a mass enter each other’s’ gravitational field?

A

The objects experience an attractive force.

224
Q

What is gravitational field strength?

A

The force experienced by 1kg of mass in that field.

225
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

A

10N/kg

226
Q

What is the symbol for gravitational field strength?

A

g

227
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for
gravitational field strength?

A

Newtons per kilogram, N/kg.

228
Q

What is weight?

A

The force exerted on an object by a gravitational field.

229
Q

What is the symbol for weight?

A

W

230
Q

What is the unit and unit symbol for weight?

A

Newtons, N.

231
Q

What is the formula that relates weight, mass and gravitational field strength?

A

W = m x g

232
Q

What is the Earth’s axis?

A

An imaginary straight line from the North pole to the South about which the Earth rotates.

233
Q

What causes day and night?

A

The rotation of the Earth on its axis.

234
Q

What is the time period of one rotation of the Earth on its axis?

A

24 hours

235
Q

What causes seasons?

A

The Earth’s tilted axis and its rotation around the Sun.

236
Q

What is the time period of one orbit of the Earth around the Sun?

A

365¼ days

237
Q

Describe the angle of the Earth’s axis.

A

It is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degree and is always in the same direction.

238
Q

What is the equator?

A

An imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth

239
Q

What two things are affected by the seasons?

A

The temperature and height of the sun in the sky

240
Q

If the North pole is tilted towards the Sun, what affect will this have on the Northern hemisphere?

A

Temperature is higher, the Sun appears higher in
the sky

241
Q

If the North pole is tilted towards the Sun, what affect will this have on the Southern hemisphere?

A

Temperature is lower, the Sun appears lower in the
sky

242
Q

Why is it hotter in the Northern hemisphere when the North pole is tilted towards the Sun?

A

The sunlight is more concentrated

243
Q

What is a luminous object?

A

An object that produces its own light.

244
Q

Is the moon a luminous object?

A

No

245
Q

Why can we see the moon when it is not luminous?

A

The Sun’s light reflects off of the moon’s surface.

246
Q

Why does the moon appear to have different shapes?

A

We can only see the parts of the Moon that the Sun
is illuminating.

247
Q

What is the time period of one orbit of the Moon around the Earth?

A

27 days

248
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

When the moon comes between the Sun and the earth

249
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

A

When the Earth comes between the Sun and the moon.

250
Q

What is a scientific theory?

A

An idea used to explain events

251
Q

What is the theory of conservation of mass?

A

That atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, just rearranged

252
Q

What does the theory of conservation of mass
explain?

A

How masses of reactants and products change in a
chemical reaction

253
Q

What is the theory of interdependence?

A

Where organisms in a food web depend on each other for food

254
Q

What does the theory of interdependence explain?

A

How the populations of organisms in a food web can change

255
Q

How are theories proved or disproved?

A

By collecting evidence

256
Q

What is evidence?

A

Information that can be used to prove or disprove a theory

257
Q

How is evidence generated?

A

Through a scientific experiment

258
Q

What is experimental data?

A

The information collected from an experiment

259
Q

In what three ways can data be generated in an experiment?

A

Through measurement, observation or counting

260
Q

What is a measurement?

A

The result of an experiment that can be measured with scientific equipment

261
Q

Given three examples of measurements

A

Mass, distance, time, force, wavelength,temperature

262
Q

What is an observation?

A

Something that can be seen in an experiment

263
Q

Give three examples of observations

A

Colour, giving off light (luminescence), giving off gas, movement, change in state

264
Q

What are the three types of data?

A

Continuous, categorical and discrete

265
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Numerical (number) data where the number can be any size

266
Q

How is continuous data generated?

A

Through a measurement

267
Q

Why is the mass of a substance continuous data?

A

Because the mass can be any number

268
Q

What is categorical data?

A

Data which has no numbers but can be put into categories (groups)

269
Q

How is categorical data generated?

A

Through observation

270
Q

Why is eye colour categorical data?

A

Because there are no numbers but the different
colours can be categorised e.g. blue, brown

271
Q

What is discrete data?

A

Data with numbers, but only certain numbers are allowed

272
Q

How is discrete data generated?

A

By counting

273
Q

Why is the number of animals in a certain area discrete data?

A

Because it will be a number but only whole numbers are allowed (you cannot have half an animal)

274
Q

What is a variable?

A

Something that changes in an experiment

275
Q

What are the three types of variable?

A

Independent, dependent and controlled

276
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

A variable that could be changed by the scientist

277
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The variable that is observed, measured or counted by the scientist

278
Q

What is a controlled variable?

A

A variable that is kept the same throughout the experiment.

279
Q

What is a fair test?

A

An experiment where all possible independent variables are controlled other than one

280
Q

Why is it important that tests are fair?

A

So that you know which variable was having an effect

281
Q

Give three variables that could affect the
mass of a product from a reaction

A

Mass of reactants, time allowed for reaction to take
place, temperature at which reaction takes place

282
Q

Give three variables that could affect the
number of organisms there are in a certain
area

A

Human activities, environment, disease

283
Q

What is a scientific prediction?

A

A prediction about how the independent variable
will affect the dependent variable

284
Q

What is reliability?

A

How likely your results are to be repeated

285
Q

How can you increase the reliability of your
experiment?

A

By repeating it and taking a mean

286
Q

What is a table of results?

A

A table showing experimental data

287
Q

What are the key features of a table of results?

A

Drawn in pencil with a ruler, units in brackets

288
Q

What are charts and graphs?

A

Ways to present data

289
Q

What are the most common types of chart
and graph?

A

Line graph and bar chart

290
Q

If the dependent variable is not a number,
how should data be presented?

A

As a table

291
Q

If the dependent variable is a number, how
could the data be presented?

A

Bar chart or line graph

292
Q

When are bar charts used?

A

If dependent variable is a number and independent
variable is not continuous

293
Q

When are line graphs used?

A

If dependent variable is a number and independent
variable is continuous

294
Q

Which axis does each variable go on?

A

Independent on the x, dependent on the y

295
Q

What is a scale?

A

How the boxes on the graph paper relates to the
values

296
Q

How should scales be drawn?

A

Each large box represents 1,2 or 5 as a multiple of 10

297
Q

What is a line of best fit?

A

A line that best fits the data

298
Q

What are the two types of line of best fit?

A

Straight lines and curves

299
Q

What is an anomaly?

A

A result that does not fit with the rest of the data

300
Q

How do we deal with anomalies?

A

Circle them and ignore them from calculations and
lines of best fit

301
Q

What can the line show you?

A

A scientific relationship

302
Q

What is a scientific relationship?

A

How the independent variable affects the
dependent variable

303
Q

How can relationships be described?

A

As x increases/decreases, y increases/decreases

304
Q

What is a conclusion?

A

A statement that says whether your prediction was
correct

305
Q

Give 3 examples of physical properties

A

Boiling point, solubility, size of particle

306
Q

What is the difference between a compound
and a mixture in terms of their separation
techniques?

A

Mixtures can be separated by physical means where
compounds cannot.

307
Q

How can compounds be separated?

A

Through chemical reactions

308
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A liquid that dissolves substances.

309
Q

Give 2 examples of solvents

A

Water, nail varnish remover

Science (2 decks)

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