year 10 chemistry Flashcards
What is an atom ?
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter.
what is a periodic table ?
A periodic table is an order arrangement of chemical elements in rows and columns.
what are the columns called ?
Each column is called a group. Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
what are the groups called ?
Each row is called a period. The elements in each period have the same number of energy levels/ shells.
what are valance electrons ?
Valance electrons are electrons in the outer shell. the group number tells you the number of valance electrons.
what are electrons ?
Electrons are subatomic particles and have a negative charge and are found in the electron shells. They are very light and have almost no mass.
what are protons ?
Protons have a positive charge and are found in the nucleus.
what are neutrons ?
Neutrons have no charge and are found in the nucleus.
what is an element ?
An element is a pure substance e that cant be broken down any further. They form a single type of atom.
what is a molecule ?
A molecule is two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds.
what is a compound ?
A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio, held together by chemical bonds.
what is atomic mass ?
Atomic mass is average weight of an element. It’s the number of protons and neutrons combined.
what is an atomic number ?
The atomic number is number of Protons in an element. ( In an electrically neutral atom, this will also equal the number of electrons. )
what is an electron shell ?
An electron shell is an orbit that electrons follow around an atoms nucleus.
why are Noble gases un-reactive?
Noble gases are un-reactive because they have 8 electrons in the outer shell, therefore they don’t need to react with other elements to be stable.