year 10 iology

Question 1

what are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What are the components of nucleotides?

Answer 2

Phosphate, pentose, nitrogenous

Question 3

What structure is DNA in?

Answer 3

DNA is arranged in a double helix

Question 4

What components make the backbone?

Answer 4

Phosphate group and pentose sugar

Question 5

What component makes up the “rungs”?

Answer 5

Nitrogenous bases

Question 6

how many bases are there?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is complementary base pairing?

Answer 7

A-T C-G

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

sections of a chromosome code for a specific

Question 9

What is the significance of a protein?

Answer 9

these proteins give us our traits.

Question 10

How is this info organized?

Answer 10

The info is organized into units called genes.

Question 11

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have and what is their total number?

Answer 11

23 pairs, 46 in total.

Question 12

what does diploid mean?

Answer 12

A pair set of chromosomes in somatic cells.

Question 13

what is a somatic cell?

Answer 13

Cells in the body except sex cells.

Question 14

what are gametes?

Answer 14

reproduction or sex cells.

Question 15

what does haploid mean?

Answer 15

the possession of one copy of each chromosome per cell, 46/2 = 23

Question 16

what is an autosome?

Answer 16

Any chromosome not involved is sex determination.

Question 17

What is a sex chromosome?

Answer 17

The chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex.
Females = XX Males = XY

Question 18

what is an allele?

Answer 18

different versions/forms of a gene.

Question 19

what is a dominant alleles?

Answer 19

these alleles will always be expressed when they’re present.

Question 20

what is a recessive?

Answer 20

these alleles are expressed only when there are two recessive alleles.

Question 21

what is a genotype?

Answer 21

The alleles that a person has.

Question 22

what is a phenotype?

Answer 22

the trait that is seen.

Question 23

what does homozygous mean?

Answer 23

two of the same alleles.

Question 24

what does heterozygous mean?

Answer 24

one of each type of allele.

Question 25

what is a pedigree?

Answer 25

a chart of the genetic history of a family over several generations.

Question 26

what do the symbols mean?

Answer 26

female = circle
male = square

Question 27

how do determine if the pedigree shows autosomal of X-linked disease?

Answer 27

Affected/have trait = colored shape

not affected/don’t have trait = not colored shape

deceased = line through shape

Question 28

have to determine whether the disorder is dominant or recessive.

Answer 28

If the disorder is dominant, one of the parents must have the disorder.

if the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be heterozygous.

Question 29

what are proteins?

Answer 29

they are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism. Genetic traits rely on proteins.

Question 30

what are proteins made up of?

Answer 30

amino acids.

Question 31

how are proteins unique?

Answer 31

each protein has a specific function and shape.

Question 32

how does DNA code for amino?

Answer 32

each three bases of DNA codes for a specific AA.

Question 33

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 33

Deoxy nucleic acid

Question 34

what is it made up of?

Answer 34

nucleotides

Question 35

where is it found?

Answer 35

Nucleo

Question 36

where are proteins created?

Answer 36

in ribosome

Question 37

why do we need to convert DNA?

Answer 37

it’s too large to leave the nucleus

Question 38

what is DNA converted to?

Answer 38

messenger RNA

Question 39

what does RNA stand for?

Answer 39

ribose nucleic acid

Question 40

what is the process to get DNA to MRNA

Answer 40

transcription and translation

Question 41

what is the enzyme involved in?

Answer 41

RNA

Question 42

What is the role of RNA?

Answer 42

to read and build DNA