Zaidi - Stem Cell Engineering Flashcards
T/F: ES cells are capable of generating a full organism.
T/F: ES cells have unrestricted developmental potential.
False. Totipotent zygote cells, on the other hand, are capable.
Where are ES cells harvested from? Are they totipotent, pluripotent, or multipotent?
ES cells are harvested from a blastocyst that has an inner cell mass. The blastocyst appears after fertilization and formation of a zygote.
They are pluripotent.
How do you make a chimeric mouse?
inject ES cells directly into the recipient blastocyst.
What growth factors are needed to produce these tissues from ES cells?
adipocyte, neuron, macrophage, smooth muscle cell, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?
adipocyte: RA, insulin, and thyroid hormone.
neuron: RA
macrophage: macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-3, IL-1.
smooth muscle cell: dibutyryl cAMP, RA
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes: FGF, FGF2 + EGF, FGF2 + platelet-derived growth factor.
If ES cells are injected into an embryo at a later stage or into an adult, they can form ___.
teratomas.
Describe the SCeNT procedure.
Nucleus removed from oocyte. Oocyte injected with nucleus from recipient somatic cell. Blastocyst is created from this hybrid oocyte and ES cells are isolated.
It is possible to reprogram adult cells into ES-like, iPSC cells by injecting fibroblasts with a set of 4 gene regulatory proteins, genes for stem-ness. But the yield is low. What are the four proteins?
Oct4, Sox2, Kif4, and Myc.
Adding Myc and Nanog to the iPSC cocktail produces different results. What are they?
Myc: up regulation of cell proliferation and loosening of chromatin structure.
Nanog: up regulation of ES cell genes and down regulation of differentiation genes.
What are some challenges of regenerative, cell transplant medicine?
production of required cell type, delivery method, longevity/stability of cells, tissue rejection, genetic aberrations.
These cells, ___, which can be frozen and used later in life, are undifferentiated, do not pose an ethical problem, and contain no genetic manipulations
Umbilical cord stem cells.
Cultured ___ cells from healthy skin regions of patients can be used to isolate stem cells to repair skin in burn victims.
A matrix of ___ and ___ made into a sheet lined with a thin membrane of __ on the outside is used on the damaged areas. Fibroblasts and blood capillaries then migrate towards the sheet. The new skin lacks these two characteristics of normal skin.
epidermal.
collagen and glycosaminoglycan.
silicone.
hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
