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Zoonosis Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Which disease is transmitted through direct contact with products of conception?

A

Brucellosis

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2
Q

Which is disease is transmitted through direct contact with infected bone meal or hide?

A

Anthrax

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3
Q

Which disease is transmitted through direct contact with fish handler?

A

Erysipeloid

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4
Q

Which disease is transmitted through direct contact with Abbatoir worker?

A

Q fever

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5
Q

Which disease is transmitted through inhalation of dropping?

A

Psittacosis

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6
Q

Which disease is transmitted through inhalation of spores in wool?

A

Pulmonary anthrax

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7
Q

Which disease is transmitted through inhalation of secretions?

A

Brucellosis

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8
Q

Which disease is transmitted through ingestion of food and milk products? (5)

A

Salmonella, Campylobacter, Brucella, Q FEVER, Toxoplasma

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9
Q

Which disease is transmitted through saliva of bites or licks from infected animals?

A

Rabies, Pasteurella multocida

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10
Q

Which disease is transmitted through faeces?

A

Salmonellosis, Hyatid disease, Tetanus

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11
Q

Which disease is transmitted through Urine?

A

Leptospirosis

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12
Q

Which disease is transmitted through blood or life tissues? E.g. animal house attendants, zoo and lab workers: direct handling or inhaling aersols from infected body or tissue of monkeys

A

Marburg virus disease, Yellow fever

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13
Q

Brucellosis Clinical Features (7)

A 
Fever
Arthritis 
Splenomegaly 
Hepatomegaly 
Orchitis
CNS (Meningitis).                           ———->> FASHOCE
Endocarditis
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14
Q

Brucellosis Treatment (2)

A

Rifampicin and Doxycycline

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15
Q

Anthrax Organism Characteristics (4)

A

Bacillus anthacis

Gram positive Bacilli
Spore-former (spores survive for years)
Disease of Cattle, Sheep

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16
Q

How is Anthrax acquired?

A

OCCUPATIONAL disease ———> workers handling contaminated hides, hair, wool of sheep, bone meal

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17
Q

Anthrax pathogenesis (2)

A

1- CAPSULE
- POLYPEPTIDE —-> D-GLUTAMIC ACID
(inhibits opsonization, phagocytosis)

2- PLASMID ENCODED TOXIN (Binary Toxin)

 - Protective Factor —> Bind to receptor on macrophage 
 - Lethal Factor —> Inhibit cell function
 - Oedema Factor —> Increase vascular permeability —> Shock
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18
Q

Cutaneous Anthrax

A
  • Malignant pustule*
  • Due to direct inoculation of skin from infected animal or it’s product

Acquired:
1- Industrial: Leather workers, Bone meal factories

2- Non-industrial: Those that work with animals

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19
Q

Pulmonary Anthrax

A

WOOL-SORTERS DISEASE

Inhaling spores in worker’s handle contaminated wool

Fever, Respiratory distress, Death

High Mortality rate

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20
Q

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

A

Ingestion of spores

Lethal

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21
Q

Anthrax Treatment and Prevention

A

Treatment - Penicillin

Prevention - Vaccinate workers at risk

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22
Q

Plague Animal Reservoir

A

Rat fleas suck blood of rodents e.g. rats —>bites human

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23
Q

Bubonic Plague

A

Painful enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes

High mortality rate —> HAEMORRHAGIC SEPSIS

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24
Q

Pneumonic Plague

A

Inhalation of infected respiratory secretions —> Fatal

Spread from one person to another

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25
Septicaemic Plague
Primary or complication of pneumonic or bubonic plague
26
Plague Pathogenesis (2)
1- Capsule 2- Somatic Antigen (V and W): Resist Phagocytosis
27
Plague Treatment
Tetracycline
28
Pasteurella Infection Organism
*Pasteurella multocida* Gram-Negative Bacilli
29
Pasteurella Reservoir
Upper respiratory tract of dogs, cats
30
Pasteurella Transmission
Bites or scratch from Animal bite
31
Pasteurella Infections (2)
Wound infection Septicemia
32
Pasteurella Treatment
Penicillin
33
Erysipeloid Organism
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Gram-Positive bacilli
34
Erysipeloid Reservoir (4)
Fish - Birds - Swine - Pigs
35
How does Erysipeloid wound infection occur?
Handling meat or fish especially if skin abrasion
36
Where do Leptospira (Spirochetes) survive?
In stagnant water and wet soil for long time especially if HIGH PH
37
Leptospirosis Animal Reservoir (2)
Small wild animals —> Rodents Domestic animals —> Pigs, cattle, puppies
38
What do Leptospira penetrate?
Abraded and Intact skin, Conjuntiva, Mucous membrane —> Blood —> Kidneys —> CNS
39
Leptospirosis Transmission
Direct or Indirect contact with Animal Urine
40
How is Leptospirosis infection acquired? (2)
1- Wet occupation e.g. sugar cane field, rice field, farms, sewage workers 2- Lesuire activities e.g. swimming pools, play with infected pet
41
Leptospira canicola
CANICOLA FEVER Aseptic meningitis- Dogs, Pigs
42
Leptospira icterohaemorrhagia
WEILS’S DISEASE Fever, Jaundice, Proteinuria, Subconjunctivital haemorrhage, Hepatic + Renal failure Rats
43
Leptospira hebdomadis
Cattle
44
Leptospirosis Treatment
Penicillin
45
Which disease causes Meningo-encephalitis?
Listeriosis
46
Listerosis Treatment
Ampicillin
47
Listeria Important Charcteristics (3)
1- B-haemolytic 2- Motile at room temp. but NOT 37degrees 3- Catalase positive
48
What does Bovine tuberculosis cause? (2)
1- Cervical adenitis 2- Mesenteric adenitis
49
Q fever caused by which organism?
Coxiella burnetti
50
Q fever Animal reservoir (2)
Sheep | Cattle
51
Q fever infections (4)
Flu-like illness Pneumonia Infective endocarditis Hepatosplenomegaly
52
Q fever Treatment
Tetracycline
53
What is the type of virus in Rabies ?
• Bullet-shape rhabdo RNA virus • Virus present in saliva of infected animal
54
How does a man get infected with Rabies ?
Man get infected by bite from infected animal • Penetrate abrasion in skin or intact mucous membrane of animals and man → peripheral nerves → CNS (neurones: intracytoplamic inclusions - Negri bodies)
55
Which animals develop Rabies ?
Animals develop rabies: dogs, foxes, cats, cattle, monkeys
56
Rabies Clinical features (3)
Incubation period 4-13 weeks (shorter if bitten on face, shoulder, upper limbs) Clinical Features • Rabies: sore throat, fever, irritability, discomfort at site of bite • Encephalomyelitis • Excitement, convulsions, muscle spasm, (hydrophobia), death due to heart or respiratory arrest
57
Toxoplasmosis epidemiology
Toxoplasma gondii multiply in ileum of cat → oocysts in stool
58
How do we acquire toxoplasmosis ?
Acquire infection – Contact with cats or soil contaminated with oocyst – Contact with raw or under cooked meat of animals e.g., cattle, pigs
59
Toxoplasmosis clinical features (3)
Clinical features • Asymptomatic: healthy, febrile illness with LN+ • Immunosuppressed: meningoencephalitis, myocarditis • Congenital toxoplasmosis: chorioretinitis, cerebral calcification
60
Toxoplasmosis diagnosis
Serology: IgM
61
Toxoplasmosis treatment
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid

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